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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The __________ acts as a pump and the __________ act as a network of pipes. |
Heart//Blood Vessels |
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What is the function of the cardiovascular system? |
1. To deliver gases, nutrients, and other desirable substances like hormones to cells all throughout the body 2. To pick up waste products from cells and transport them to disposal sites |
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Characteristics of the Heart |
1. Located in the thoracic cavity 2. Approximately the size of a fist 3. Lies between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm |
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Protection of the Heart |
1. Protected by the vertebral column posteriorly 2. Protected by the sternum anteriorly 3. Surrounded by the pericardium, a double-layered protective sac |
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Types of Blood Vessels |
1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries |
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Arteries |
1. Carry blood away from the heart 2. Further from the heart, arteries branch into small vessels called arterioles -Arterioles deliver blood to capillary beds |
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Capillaries |
1. The smallest blood vessels that network to become capillary beds 2. The site of substance exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid. |
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Veins |
1. Carry blood back to the heart 2. Small veins are called venules |
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Simplified Path of Blood |
Heart~Arteries~Arterioles~Capillary Beds~Venules~Veins~Heart |
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The Chambers of the Heart |
1. Right Atrium 2. Right Ventricle 3. Left Atrium 4. Left Ventricle |
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Atria vs. Ventricles |
The Atria: 1. Smaller and superior chambers 2. Thin muscular wall 3. Collects the blood returning the the heart and then contracts to deliver the blood to the ventricles The Ventricles: 1. Larger and inferior chambers 2. Larger volume chambers and thicker, muscular walls 3. The primary pumping chambers 4. The left ventricle has the thickest, most muscular wall since it has to pump blood the greatest distance |
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Heart Valves |
1. Four valves inside of the heart *Tricuspid valve *Bicuspid (mitral) valve *Pulmonary valve *Aortic valve 2. Composed of strong fibrous tissue flaps called cusps 3. Prevents backflow (aka regurgitation) of blood 4. Blood can only flow in the forward direction 5. The tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves are the two atrioventricular (AV) valves *Located between atrium and ventricle 6. The pulmonary and aortic valves are the two semilunar valves *Located between ventricle and great vessel |
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Pulmonary Circuit |
1. The right side of the heart 2. Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation and then back to the left side of the heart |
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Systemic Circuit |
1. The left side of the heart 2. Oxygenated blood is pumped to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body and then returns to the right side of the heart |
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Exercise 1: Auscultation of Heart Sounds and Measuring Heart Rate and Pulse Rate |
When measured my heart rate was 80 beats per minute and my radial pulse rate was 88 beats per minute. *Don't use the thumb because it has its own pulse *Radial pulse found on lateral side of the inner aspect of the wrist, just above the base of the thumb |
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Exercise 1: Terminology |
1. The sound of the heart beating is associated with the closing of heart valves 2. The "lub" sound is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular valves 3. The "dub" sound is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves 4. A heart murmur is when a heart valve doesn't completely close, so a small amount of food leaks back into the previous area 5. Diastole is a relaxation phase where the heart chambers fill with blood 6. Systole is a contraction phase where the heart ejects blood |
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Exercise 1: Terminology Continued |
1. Pulse is the palpable surge of blood that has been ejected from the heart as it moves through the blood vessels *Palpable in arteries close to the surface of the body 2. Pressure in veins is less than the pressure in arteries 3. Veins *Thinner walls *Pressure dependent on conditions outside the veins *Ex: dependent on skeletal muscle movement and contractions 4. Arteries *More circular smooth muscle and elastic fibers *Can "snap back" more strongly during diastole |
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Blood Pressure |
1. BP is the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels 2. Top # is the systolic blood pressure *Produced as ventricles contract to eject a fresh bolus of blood into the major arteries 3. The lower # is the diastolic blood pressure *The blood pressure when the ventricles relax |
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How Blood Pressure is Taken |
1. Cuff is inflated and pressure passes the systolic pressure in the brachial artery 2. The artery collapses and blood flow is stopped 3. When blood can push its way through the artery again, that is systolic pressure 4. At the point where the artery fully opens and smooth blood flow returns, that is the diastolic pressure 5. Measured in mm Hg |
