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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes _________.
a. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output b. a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output c. no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate d. no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration |
a. a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
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If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that _________.
a. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract b. the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute c. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart d. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate |
b. the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
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When a clot forms on the plaque in a coronary vessel obstructing blood flow to the muscle, the condition is referred to as
a. angioplasty b. myocardial infarction c. coronary thrombosis d. pulmonary embolism |
c. coronary thrombosis
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Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?
a. Foramen ovale b. Ductus venosus c. Ductus arteriosus d. Umbilical vein e. Umbilical artery |
c. Ductus arteriosus
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The hormone that helps to lower blood pressure by blocking absorption of sodium and water is _________
a. Epinephrine b. Aldosterone c. Antidiuretic hormone d. Atrial Natruretic Peptide (ANP) |
b. Aldosterone
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A drug that decreased calcium levels in a muscle cell and thereby lowered the number of cross bridges formed during the heart's contractions would be a:
a. positive chronotropic agent. b. negative chronotropic agent c. positive inotropic agent. d. negative inotropic agent. |
d. negative inotropic agent.
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During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays:
a. depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters. b. depolarized as potassium enters and calcium exits. c. repolarized as sodium enters and calcium exits. d. hyperpolarized as sodium and calcium exit. e. hyperpolarized as potassium enters and calcium exits. |
a. depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters.
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Sympathetic innervation of the heart:
a: increases the heart rate b: decreases the heart rate c: increases the force of contractions d: decreases the force of contractions e: has no effect on contraction force a. a, c b. b, d c. a, d d. b, e e. a, e |
a. a, c
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Someone with a heart block would have:
a. a long P-R interval. b. a long T-P interval. c. a short P-R interval. d. a short T-P interval. |
a. a long P-R interval.
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Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output?
a. An increase in venous return b. An increase in afterload c. Addition of positive inotropic agents d. An increase in heart rate |
b. An increase in afterload
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The plateau phase of the cardiac cycle correlates to the phase of
a. ventricular filling phase b. ejection phase c. repolarization d. isovolumetric contraction phase |
d. isovolumetric contraction phase
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When the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the lungs, causing
a. fibrillation b. rheumatic fever c. heart murmurs d. pulmonary edema |
d. pulmonary edema
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During exercise, increased muscle contraction helps return more blood to the heart. This would lead to
a. Decrease cardiac output b. decreased heart rate c. increased stroke volume d. decreased stroke volume |
c. increased stroke volume
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Drugs known as beta-blockers (blocking sympathetic receptors) will
a. increase heart rate b. decrease heart rate c. increase stroke volume d. increase cardiac output |
b. decrease heart rate
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If the papillary muscles fail to contract
a. the ventricles will not pump blood b. the atria will not pump blood c. the semilunar valves will not open d. the A-V valves will not close properly |
d. the A-V valves will not close properly
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In which of the following situations would the end diastolic volume (EDV) be the more:
a. when the heart is beating faster (sympathetic stimulation) b. when the heart is beating slower (parasympathetic stimulation) |
b. when the heart is beating slower (parasympathetic stimulation)
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In an ECG recording, the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the
a. SA Node to the Purkinje muscle fibers b. SA Node to the Pulmonary Semilunar Valves c. AV Node to the Bundle of His d. AV Node to the SA Node |
a. SA Node to the Purkinje muscle fibers
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Mr. K is 57 years old and has been recently diagnosed with hypertension which is also affecting his kidney function. As a physician which group of medication will you prescribe for Mr. K?
a. Antidiuretics b. Losartan (Angiotensin II blocker) c. K+ tablets d. Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) e. both b and d |
e. both b and d
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Circle of Willis is an example of ______
a. venous anatomoses b. portal system c. arteriovenous anasomoses d. arterial anastomoses |
d. arterial anastomoses
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The blood vessel (also known as the resistance vessels) that play the most important role in the regulation of blood flow to a tissue and blood pressure are the
a. arteries b. arterioles c. veins d. venules e. capillaries |
b. arterioles
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The largest arteries of the body are classified as:
a. muscular arteries. b. arterioles. c. elastic arteries. d. muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions. e. None of these answers is correct. |
c. elastic arteries.
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Precapillary sphincters will:
a. control blood flow into the true capillaries. b. cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the post capillary venule. c. open when the tissue needs nutrients. d. close when the tissue's needs have been met. e. All of these answers are correct |
e. All of these answers are correct
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Vascular resistance is related to all of the following, except the
a. length of a blood vessel b. composition of interstitial fluid c. viscosity of the blood d. diameter of a blood vessel |
b. composition of interstitial fluid
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A measure of the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall is known as the
a. pulse b. peripheral resistance c. cardiac output d. blood pressure |
d. blood pressure
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The exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place only through the walls of
a. arteries b. true capillaries c. metarterioles d. venules |
b. true capillaries
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Movement of blood from the lower limbs is aided by the presence of
a. Elastic fibers in the tunics b. valves c. pressure gradient d. large lumen of the veins |
b. valves
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Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
a. Pulmonary arteries b. Pulmonary veins c. Systemic arteries d. Systemic veins |
c. Systemic arteries
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Which statement is accurate?
a. Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure. b. Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure. c. Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure. d. Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure. |
b. Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.
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Tendons and ligaments have a low degree of vascularization
a. therefore they will have high perfusion and rapid healing. b. therefore they will have high perfusion and slow healing. c. therefore low perfusion and slow healing. d. therefore high perfusion and rapid healing. e. therefore low perfusion and slow healing. |
b. therefore they will have high perfusion and slow healing.
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Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased
a. cardiac output b. peripheral resistance c. blood volume d. parasympathetic stimulus |
d. parasympathetic stimulus
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Peripheral resistance is:
a. directly related to both vessel length and radius. b. inversely related to both vessel length and radius. c. directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius. d. inversely related to vessel length and directly related to vessel radius. |
c. directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius.
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The most immediate result of increased muscle contraction and increased respiration would be
a. increased venous return to the heart b. decreased cardiac output c. decreased systemic vascular resistance d. decreased heart rate |
a. increased venous return to the heart
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The blood osmotic pressure which pulls water back from interstitial tissue areas, is due to
a. concentration of plasma sodium ions b. concentration of plasma glucose c. concentration of plasma waste products d. concentration of plasma proteins |
a. concentration of plasma sodium ions
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If blood pressure drops, it will be corrected by an
a. activation of the pulmonary veins b. increase in capillary blood flow to insure that the cells get oxygen c. increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction d. vasodilation of all blood vessels |
c. increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction
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Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, EXCEPT
a. increased levels of aldosterone b. increased levels of angiotensin II c. increased blood volume d. increased levels of Atrial Natriuretic Protein or ANP |
d. increased levels of Atrial Natriuretic Protein or ANP
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Baroreceptors regulate blood pressure as they
a. respond to pressure changes in the main arteries b. respond to chemical changes in blood plasma c. respond to changes in vessel diameter d. respond sensation of thirst |
a. respond to pressure changes in the main arteries
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If the blood pressure reading on a patient is 142/95, the pulse pressure is
a. 142 mm Hg b. 95 mm Hg c. 47 mm Hg d. 74 mm Hg |
c. 47 mm Hg
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Which of the following would occur as a result of increased rennin release by the kidneys
a. an increase in blood viscosity b. an increase in blood pressure c. an increase in blood volume d. all of the above e. B and C are correct |
e. B and C are correct
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Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
a. Tunica media b. Tunica interna c. Tunica externa d. Tunica fibrosa |
a. Tunica media
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Blood flow is:
a. directly related to both the pressure gradient and the resistance. b. directly related to the pressure gradient but inversely related to the resistance. c. inversely related to both the pressure gradient and the resistance. d. inversely related to the pressure gradient but directly related to the resistance. |
b. directly related to the pressure gradient but inversely related to the resistance.
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Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the right side of the heart to the left?
a. Ductus arteriosus b. Ductus venosus c. Foramen ovale d. Umbilical vein e. Umbilical artery |
b. Ductus venosus
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During ventricular systole:
a. only the AV valves open. b. only the AV valves close. c. only the semilunar valves close. d. the semilunar valves close and the AV valves open. e. the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close. |
b. only the AV valves close.
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Which of the following represents the correct sequence of flow of an electrical impulse through the heart?
a. A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers, S-A node b. S-A node, Purkinje fibers, A-v node, A-V bundle c. S-A node, A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers d. A-Vnode, S-A node, Purkinje fibers, A-V bundle |
c. S-A node, A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers
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Susie feels dizzy standing out in the sun for an extended period of time, her nurse friend notices swelling near her ankles, she thinks it is because there is not enough blood supply in her brain. Which regulatory mechanism will be effective in restoring her normal conditions?
a. Renin-Angiotensin mechanism b. Hormonal control c. baroreceptors d. parasympathetic stimulus |
d. parasympathetic stimulus
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What is the cardiac output of a patient with a stroke volume of 70ml/ventricular contraction whose pulse is 90beats/minute
a. 70ml/minute b. 90ml/minute c. 160ml/minute d. 6300ml/minute |
d. 6300ml/minute
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How would you interpret this ECG recording? Is there a consistent pattern of QRS waves following P waves? Is the PR interval normal?
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The QRS waves following P wave patterns are not consistent. The PR interval is not normal because sometimes they are close together and sometimes they are farther apart.
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