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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Macromolecules
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Large, organic (carbon based) molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
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Vitamins
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organic molecules the body cannot make from other molecules. Helpers in metabolic pathways, needed in small amounts
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Minerals
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Required metal ions such as Cu Fe Ca magnesium
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Positive Control
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Used in biochemical tests - a test that contains the variable that we are testing for.
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Negative control
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In biochemical tests, this test does not contain the variable we are looking for
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Carbohydrate composition
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C-H-O in a ratio of 1:2:1
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Monosaccharides
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single sugars: glucose, fructose, galactose, rivose, deoxyribose. Easilyused with cessl as energy sources.
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How monosaccharides are joined
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Glycosidic linkage
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Disaccharides
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Two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage. ex: sucrose, maltose, lactose
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Polysaccharides
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Many (more than 20) monosaccharides joined | starches, glycogen, cellulose
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Benedict's reagent
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Monosaccharides and some other sugars reduce the Cu2+ ion in the reagent to Cu+ (via a carbon not involved in a glycosidic linkage (called a____))
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Positive indicator in Benedict's reagent
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Color change from blue to green, orange, or red. Green indicates a small amount of sugar. Others indicate abundant.
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The only carbon in glucose that is bonded to two oxygens. Why is this important?
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anomeric carbon; involved in the formation of comple carbohydrates by a reaction that involves the union of two monosaccharides.
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What is used to test for starch?
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Iodine test.
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How does the Biuret test work, what does it indicate?
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a color change from blue to violet occurs due to a complex forming between the Cu2= ion and at least four peptide bonds,the presence of proteins.
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Name the test for proteins, and explain why it won't work for amino acids
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Biuret's test, it forms a complex with the peptide bond which is absent in the amino acid monomers
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Lipids are hydrophobic, right?
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Correct, they are not soluble in water
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What is a triglyceride?
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Fats, or lipids made of one glycerol and three fatty acids.
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Three functions of lipids
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component of cell membrane, provide energy when carbs are low, some are steroid hormones
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What is a test for lipids?
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Sudan test, a positive indication will include a separation layer and the presence of the orange dye on the top layer
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Reducing agent
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the atom or compound that loses the electron in a reduction
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Reduction
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gain of an electron or hydrogen
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Oxidation
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loss of an electron or hydrogen
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Oxidizing agent
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the atom or compound that gains the electron in a reduction
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What happens in the iodine test?
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The iodince interacts with the coiled structure of starch, changing its color from yellowish-brown to blue-black.
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Starch includes glucose molecules. What happens when utilizing the test for starch on a glucose solution.
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You mean the iodine test. Nothing happens. Glucose does not have the coiled structure that interacts with iodine.
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