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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proteobacteria: common?, related to? |
Most commonly fonud bacteria, related to mitochondria, |
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Proteobacteria: diverse? (metabolic groups), 5 groups? |
Yes, morphologically and metabolically (chemolitho, chemoorgano, photo), five groups are alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon |
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Anoxygenic Photosyn |
Photosyn that is inhibited by O2, some can grow aerobically too. |
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Purple Sulfur blooms, what type of bacteria, what/where do they oxidize, where is the oxidant held? |
Gammaproteobacteria, they oxidize H2S to S in anoxic lake water, the H2S is stored in periplasm or outside the cell |
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What do methyltrophs oxidize? |
"C1" compounds (carbon molecules with no C-C bonds) e.g CH2OH, CH4, CH3NH2 |
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Methanotrophs, what do they oxidize to make what? What's the enzyme they do it with? |
Oxidize methane to create methanol, use MMO |
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Methanotrophs, what types of aerobes? Found where? |
Obligate aerobe, often microaerophilic found in soil/water, in between oxic and anoxic enviroments (cattle gut, swamp etc) |
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Nitrifiers, what do they use an e- donor, metabolism name, diverse? |
Use nitrogenous substances, chemolithoautotroph, diverse. |
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pseudonomads, taxonomy changes?, metabolism name?, cool thing? |
diverse group with changing taxonomy, aerobic chemoorganoheterotroph, some are fluorescent |
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n2 fixers: what enzyme used to reduce N2 to NH3?, layer composition?, internal O2 conc.? |
nitrogenase (inactivated by O2), layer is slime capsule, very low internal O2 conc. |
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Root nodule formation |
nod genes expressed in presence of plants, infection thread is formed to invade root nodule forms (yielding low O2 enviro) root cells form leghemoglobin plant gives C compounds to assist, bacteria provides ammonium |
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Enteric Bacteria, all found in which type, 3 facts, Gram +/-?, spores?, lactase?, pathogenic? |
All are gammaproteobacteria, are all facultative, oxidase -ve, peritrichous flagella, G-ve, no spores, lactase, many are pathogens |
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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, motile?, __-like? |
Motile, virus-like life cycle, prey on other bacteria |
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B. bacteriovorus life cycle |
attach to prey, penetrate into periplasm, elongate inside peri, lysis of the host cell |
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Myxobacteria, simple?, size of genome?, intracell communication, motility?, metabolism name? |
Very complex, large genome (2x E. coli), intracellular communication, gliding motility when growing, chemoorganoheterotroph |
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staph/micrococcus: growth type, catalase +/-?, resistant to?, pigmented? |
aerobic growth, catalase +ve, resistant to drying/high salt, often pigmented |
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Staphylococcus: Which phylum (GC?), found where? Micrococcus: Which phylum (GC?), found where? |
Firmicutes (low GC), found on animals Actinobacteria (high GC), isolated from inanimate objects, dust, skin |
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Lactic acid bacteria: what type of (an)aerobe, ETC?, method of reduction?, nutritional req? |
aerotolerant anaerobe, no ETC, only substrate level phosphorylation, complex nutritional req |
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homo/heterofermenter difference |
homo can only produce lactic acid, hetero can do lactic acid, ethanol, CO2 |
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Sporulating G+ve, which group?, type of (an)aerobe, degrade ___? |
Bacillus group, faculative/obligate aerobes, can degrade polymers |
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Sporulating G+ve, produce __? (2), can infect __?` |
Produce antibiotics/crystal toxins, infect humans and other animals |
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Clostridium sporulating G+ve: type of (an)aerobe, diverse ___?, some fix __?, some produce __? |
strict anaerobe, diverse fermentation substrate/product, some fix N2, some produce toxins that cause human diesease (botox) |
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Mycobacterium: ___ in cell wall, many are ____ (ex), resistant to ___, why? |
mycolic acids in cell wall, many are human pathogens, resistant to antibiotics, high lipid contain in cell wall |
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M. leprae: 2 known hosts?, why is it hard to cure? |
Humans and armadillo, cannot be cultured in lab |
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Actinobacteria: What type of spores, smell like __?, produce __? |
Drying-resistant spores, smell like dirt, produce antibiotics |
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What genus produces the most important antibiotics? |
Streptomyces |
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Cyanobacteria: distantly related to __?, cell wall similar to ___?, motility type?, live where? diverse? |
distantly related to G+ve bacteria, cell well is G-ve like, gliding motility, live everywhere, very diverse |
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Cyanobacteria: possess which pigments (3)?, pigments are located ___? |
possess chlorophyll a and phycobilins (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin), located in thylakoid mem |
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Heterocysts: Contained in ____bacteria, capable of ___ fixation |
contained in cyanobacteria, capable of N2 fixation |
