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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bouchard et al (1990)
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Minnesota Twin Study
Aim: Investigate the role of genetics and intelligence Methods: Correlational and Longitudinal study compared MZAs(identical twins raised together) to MZTs (identical twins raised apart); cross cultural, older subjects completed 50 hours of testing and interviews. Results: 70% of intelligence can be attributed to genetic inheritance (30% other factors) |
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Broca 1861
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Aim: To study and figure out why a patient cannot talk.
Procedure: This man repeatedly said the word 'tan' that his nickname became it. Broca studied this patient for a number of years and after he passed away, Broca examined Tan's brain, and found the area that was damaged was responsible for talking Results: Broca found damage in the left frontal area of Tan's brain. Broca discovered the area of the brain that is responsible for making the mouth move during speech. Broca's aphasia=damage to a speech are of the brain. Evaluation: this was a case study and had no ethical implications |
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Caspi (2003)
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Aim: To investigate relationship between 5-HTT gene and depression. (5-HTT gene is a serotonin-transporter that decreases the transport of serotonin into cells)
Procedure: Had participants (847) give self-reports on depression Results: People with short allele for this gene correlated with more vulnerability to depression Conclusion: Certain diseases based on behavior are caused by genes Evaluation: this was a longitudinal study, instead of cross sectional. This study was done over a long perio of time. |
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Fessler (2005)
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Aim: to investigate if disgust sensitivity in the first trimester of pregnancy was elevated as predicted
Procedure: A web-based survey was completed by 691 women recruited through pregnancy-related websites. No compensation was offered for participation. The women's mean age was 28.1 years. On the web-based questionnaire, the participants (1) indicated their current level of nausea using a 16-point scale and (2) answered questions to test their disgust sensitivity in 8 different areas (food; contact with animals, body products, and dead animals; hygiene; contact with toilets). Results: data was collected through questionnaires. The findings are supported by other studies showing that images that threaten the immune system are judged as more disgusting. Evaluation: Self-reports may not be reliable. It would have been more reliable to confront participants with real disgust-eliciting objects. |
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Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972)
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Aim: To investigate the effect of enrichment or deprivation on the development of neurons in the cerebral cortex in rats
Procedure: Rats were placed in either a stimulating environment (toys) or a deprived environment (no toys). The rats spent 30 or 60 days in their environment and then they were dissected. Results: Rats in the stimulating environment had an increased thickness in the cortex. The frontal lobe (thinking, planning g, decision making) was heavier in the rats that had been in the stimulating environment. Having toys created the best conditions for developing cerebral thickness. Evaluation: -The experiment was a rigorously controlled laboratory experiment so it was possible to establish a cause-effect relationship. -The experiment used animal models and therefore it may be difficult to generalize to humans unless research with humans provides the same results. |
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Christiansen (1977)
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Aim: Too see what the concordance rate of criminal behavior was between MZ and DZ twins as well as suggest how much biological factors are responsible for criminal behavior.
Findings: -MZ male twins = 35% concordance -MZ female twins = 21% concordance -DZ male twins = 13% concordance -DZ female twins = 8% concordance Conclusion: -Males have a higher rate of criminal activity than females -supports theory that genetics plays a key role in determining behavior -however, both MZ and DZ twin sets were raised together not allowing the canceling out of environmental factors |
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Scarr and Weinberg (1977)
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Aim: Investigated the IQ of both adopted children and natural children in relation to the parents. (both children raised by the same parents and in the same house hold)
Findings: -No significant difference between in IQ correlation between the natural and adopted children. *interesting fact: almost all the adoptive parents were wealthy and white while the almost all the adopted children were from poor lower class backgrounds. Conclusion: This study does not support the idea that genetics play a role in intelligence. Can be used to counter The Minnesota Twin study. |
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Martinez and Kesner (1991)
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Aim: The researchers carried out an experiment with the aim of determining the role of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on memory.
Findings: The result shows that those rats that were injected with scopolamine were slower at finding their way round the maze and made more errors than either the control group or the physostigmine group. Conclusion: Acetylcholine played an important role in creating a memory of the maze. |
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Wernicke (1874)
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Wernicke describe the area that appears to be crucial for language comprehension-the left posterior superior temporal gyrus. Wernicke's patients could produce speech, but could not understand it. This condition is known as Wernicke's aphasia.
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Robert Heath (1950's)
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Aim: If someone touch people's specific parts, does it going to have any changes in behavior?
Findings: Electrically stimulating specific parts of the brain of depressed patients, they would experience pleasure. Conclusion: Therefore, In our brain, there is pleasure centre and if it control the depression. |
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James Old (1972)
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Aim: What would happen if their pleasure centres were stimulated.
Findings: The rats were willing to walk across electrified grids in order to get to the "pleasure lever". In fact, they even preferred the stimulation to eating and drinking. Conclusion: Therefore, According to animal research, It showed that pleasure centre affects the behavior of living things. |
