Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
a. list the characteristics of life |
1. Cells - smallest unit capable of life functions (basic unit of life); 2. Organization; 3. Metabolism - the sum of all chemical reactions, metabolism refers to a living organism's ability to consume and use energy (from food or from the sun); 4. Homeostasis - maintaining stable internal conditions biological balance) 5. Heredity; 6. Responsiveness; 7. Growth
|
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
b. describe the structural levels of biology |
atoms -> complex biological molecules -> subcellular organelles (are ordered into) -> cells (are organized into) -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> complex organism
|
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
c. list classification terms |
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
mnemonic: Keep Plates Clean Or Family Gets Sick. |
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
d. describe the Scientific Method |
The scientific method has four steps:
1. Observation and description of a phenomenon. 2. Formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon in the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. 3. Test the hypothesis by analyzing the results of observations or by predicting and observing the existence of new phenomena that follow from the hypothesis. 4. Establish a theory based on repeated verification of the results. |
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
e. compare vitalism, causalism, and teleology |
Vitalism: supernatural force, "vital" force, neither observable nor testable, non-scientific
Causalism: cause-and-effect relationships, deinies foreknowledge of terminal states, preordination, purpose, goals, fixed fates Teleology: belief in supernatural planning, purpose, foreknowledge of final states |
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
f. describe the contributions of Charles Darwin |
tbd
|
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
g. describe emergent properties of life |
1. Order. Organisms are highly ordered, and other characteristics of life emerge from this complex organization.
2. Reproduction. Organisms reproduce; life comes only from life (biogenesis). 3. Growth and Development. Heritable programs stored in DNA direct the species-specific pattern of growth and development. 4. Energy Utilization. Organisms take in and transform energy to do work, including the maintenance of their ordered state. 5. Response to Environment. Organisms respond to stimuli from their environment. 6. Homeostas is. Organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain a steady-state, even in the face of a fluctuating external environment. 7. Evolutionary Adaptation. Life evolves in response to interactions between organisms and their environment. |
|
1. life characteristics, biology structural levels, and the Scientific Method :
h. distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning. |
deductive reasoning involves moving from generalities to specifics by working through a series of reasoned statements. Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, takes a series of specific observations and tries to expand them into a more general theory.
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
a. define element |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
b. describe the general structures of DNA and RNA |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
c. explain the concept of the mole |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
d. analyze the periodic table |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
e. analyze the types of chemical bonds |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
f. distinguish between acids, bases, and buffers |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
g. analyze pH scale |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
h. compare the subatomic particles |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
i. compare amino acids with proteins |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
j. compare saturated and unsaturated lipids |
tbd
|
|
2. basic chemical concepts :
k. compare the detailed structure of DNA, RNA, and ATP. |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
a. explain the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
b. explain kinetic and potential energy |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
c. explain enthalpy and entropy |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
d. explain Gibbs free energy change |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
e. explain allosteric, active site, enzyme and substrate |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
f. explain energy of activation |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
g. explain a coupled reaction |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
h. explain competitive and non-competitive inhibition |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
i. explain negative feedback inhibition |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
j. distinguish between anabolism and catabolism |
tbd
|
|
3. basic energy concepts :
k. distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions. |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
a. identify the contributors of the cell theory |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
b. describe the cell theory |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
c. describe the types of electron microscopes |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
d. describe cell fractionation |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
e. describe animal cell components and their functions |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
f. describe structure of mitochondrion and its relation to cell |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
g. describe plant cell components and their functions |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
h. describe the structure of the plasma membrane |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
i. describe the structure of cell walls |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
j. describe the endomembrane system |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
k. describe intracellular junctions |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
l. describe passive and active cell transport mechanisms |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
m. describe the importance of mitosis and the events of mitosis |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
n. describe molecular control of the cell cycle |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
o. identify discoverers of membrane ultrastructure |
tbd
|
|
4. cell membrane structure, organelles, and their functions. :
p. compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes. |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
a. identify the discoverers of cell respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
b. write the equation for cellular respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
c. list the sites of cell respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
d. define substrate level phosphorylation |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
e. define oxidative phosphorylation |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
f. list the sites of cell respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
g. describe the fate of glucose in cell respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
h. describe glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
i. describe the significance of cytochromes of the electron transport system |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
j. describe chemiososmosis in mitochondria |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
k. name the final product of cellular respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
l. describe the role of ATP in cellular respiration |
tbd
|
|
5. process of cellular respiration. :
m. distinguish between fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration. |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
a. define reception, transduction, and response |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
b. explain conversion of external signals into response within the cell |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
c. explain cell shape change due to signal protein binding to a receptor protein |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
d. explain molecular cascade interaction and signal relay from receptors to cell target molecules |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
e. explain regulation of cytoplasmic activities by cell signaling |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
f. explain mechanisms of hormone signaling |
tbd
|
|
6. cell communication:
g. compare major human endocrine glands, their hormones, hormone actions, and gland regulation. |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
a. list the discoverers of photosynthesis |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
b. write a summary equation for photosynthesis |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
c. identify the characteristics of light |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
d. define coenzyme |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
e. define chemiosmosis |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
f. distinguish between cyclic and non-cyclic photosynthesis |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
g. distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
h. distinguish between oxidation and reduction |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
i. distinguish between light and dark reactions of photosysnthesis |
tbd
|
|
7. the process of photosynthesis:
j. distinguish between photosystem I and photosystem II. |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
a. identify the discoverers of DNA |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
b. list the parts of a nucleotide |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
c. define mutagenesis |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
d. distinguish between transcription and translation |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
e. describe post mRNA processing |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
f. name the three stages of transcription and translation |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
g. describe the wobble effect |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
h. explain the base pairing rule |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
i. explain DNA replication |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
j. differentiate between ribose and deoxyribose |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
k. compare purines with pyrimidines. |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
l. describe the significance of common genetic code |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
m. compare Beadle and Tatum’s “one-gene-one-enzyme” hypothesis to the current “one-gene-multiple polypeptide” hypothesis |
tbd
|
|
8. DNA structure and protein synthesis :
n. describe end replication problem of DNA replication. |
tbd
|