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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biology
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The Scientifific study of life |
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Biosphere
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all the environments on earth that support life |
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Ecosystem |
All the organisms in a given area, along with the non-living (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community |
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Population |
includes all the individuals of a particular species living in an area (ex: human population) |
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Organism |
an individual living thing |
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Organ
system |
circulatory or nervous system consists of several organs that cooperate in a specific function; a group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions |
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Organ |
specialized structure composed of several different types of tissues that together perform specific functions |
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Tissues |
an integrated group of cells with a common function structure or both |
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Cell |
a basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life. |
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Organelle |
a membrane enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell |
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Molecules |
2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
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Hierarchy of Life
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Biosphere-ecosystem-community-population-organism-organ system-organ-tissue-cell-organelle-molecule |
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Emergent properties |
new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life owning to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases |
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systems biology |
an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the systems parts. |
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Genes |
a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA. Genes are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
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genome |
The complete set of genetic material of an organism or virus |
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Domains |
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya (B.A.E.) |
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Bacteria
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1 of 2 prokaryotic domains of life the other is Archaea |
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Archaea |
1 of 2 prokaryotic domains of life, the other is bacteria. |
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Eukarya
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Domain of life that includes all eukaryotic organisms |
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Evolution |
Descent with modification the idea that living species are descendants of ancestrial species that were different from present day ones; also the genetic changes in a population from generation to generation. |
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Natural Selection
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A process in which indivduals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits |
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Hypothesis |
a proposed explanation for a set of observations |
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Theory |
a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broader in scope than a hypothesis generates new hypotheses and is supported by a large body of evidence. |
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Controlled experiment
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an experiment in which an experiment is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested (1 factor change only) |
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Artificial Selection |
The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits |
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Technology |
the application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research |
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Matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass |
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Element
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a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means |
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Compound |
a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio. For example NaCl (table salt) consists of one atom of the element sodium (NA) for every atom of Chlorine (Cl) 2:1 ratio |
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Trace elements |
an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts |
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Atom |
the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element; cannot be broken by chemical means |
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Proton |
(+) charge |
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Electron |
(-) charge |
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Neutron |
(neutral) a nerve cell; specialized for carrying signals from one location in the body to another. |
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Nucleus |
atoms central core: contains protons and neutrons; contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes made of chromatin. |
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Atomic Number |
The number of protons in each atom of a particular element. "keeping it positive!" |
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Mass Number |
(P+N=) |
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Atomic mass
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(Atomic # = Mass #) |
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Isotopes
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example: |
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Radioactive isotopes |
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electron shells |
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Chemical bonds |
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Covalent bond
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Molecule |
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Electronegativity
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the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. |
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Non-polar covalent bonds |
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Polar covalent bonds |
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Ion
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. |
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Ionic bond
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Salt
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NaCl= table salt |
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Polar molecule |
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Chemical reactions
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They do not create or destroy matter, they only rearrange it in various ways. |
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reactants
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Products |
an ending material in a chemical reaction
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Cohesion
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Adhesion |
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Surface tension
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Thermal Energy
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Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules energy in its most random form
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Heat
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thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another |
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temperature |
a measure in degrees of the average thermal energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter |
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Evaporative cooling |
the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation (sweating cools the body temperature) |
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Solution
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Salt + Water = Salt solution. |
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Solvent |
The dissolving agent of a solution; water is the most versatile solvent known |
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Solute |
ex: kool aid or salt |
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Aqueous solution |
(ex: saline drops) |
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Acid |
a substance that releases (increases) the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution (ex: soda) |
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Base |
A substance that accepts (decreases) the Hydrogen ion concentration in a solution (H+) |
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Ph Scale
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PH_ Potential Hydrogen refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions |
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Buffers |
chemical substance that resists changes in PH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions
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Ocean acidification |
Decreasing PH of ocean waves due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels. |
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