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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is diffusion? |
Process by which molecules spread from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration. |
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What is the concentration gradient? |
Difference in concentration of substance across space. |
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What is equilibrium in a cell? |
When a concentration is the same throughout a space. |
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What do solutions try to do? |
Reach an equilibrium in a cell. |
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What does permeable mean? |
Any substance can pass through. |
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What does selectively permeable mean? |
Only certain materials are allowed in and out of cell. |
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What is active transport? |
Transport where energy is used. |
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What is passive transport? |
No energy being used to bring materials in & out of cells. |
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What is osmosis? |
The process where water diffuses through the cell membrane from an area of greater concentration to lesser. {Passive Transport} |
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What is a hypertonic solution? |
Many molecules of solution outside cell compare to inside cell. Water moves outwards. |
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What is a hypotonic solution? |
Fewer molecules of solution outside cell than inside cell. Water moves inward. |
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What is an isotonic solution? |
Equal concentration of molecules inside and outside cell. Water movement equal. |
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In plants, what is the turgor pressure? |
The pressure force that causes the cytoplasm & cell membrane against the cell wall & the cell wall becomes rigid. |
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In plants, what is plasmolysis? |
The condition where water leaves the cell, turgor pressure is lost & cell becomes limp. |
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What is cytolysis? |
The cells takes in too much water, swells, & bursts. |
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What is a contractile vacuole? |
An organelle that acts as a pump for excess water out of a unicellular organism so it can maintain a stable environment. Ex: Paramecium |
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Does the contractile vacuole use the cell's energy? |
Yes, ATP is used. |
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What is facilitated diffusion? |
Passive transport used for molecules that cannot diffuse rapidly through cell membrane. Ex: Particles not soluble in lipids. |
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What are carrier proteins? |
They allow for the movement assisted by specific proteins within the membrane of all cells. Specific for one type of molecule. |
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What are examples of carrier proteins? |
Glucose transported quickly by carrier molecules & amino acids cross for making proteins. |
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What is an ion channel? |
Passive transport where ions are transported across membrane through small passageways. Some always open. |
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What ions are ion channels specific for? |
Na+, Cl-, Ca++ |
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What do some Passive Transports do? |
They have "gates" that open & close the passageways due to electrical signals, chemicals, and the stretching of membrane. |
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What do Active transports do? |
Moving from an area of lower concentration to higher that uses ATP. |
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What are some active transports called? |
Pumps. Ex: Sodium potassium pump. Na+ replaced for K+. |
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Why do these pumps work? |
ATP |
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What is endocytosis? |
In cell processes. Ex: White Blood Cells |
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What is exocytosis? |
Out of cell processes. Ex: Hormones. |
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Where does active transport travel? |
Across concentration gradient. |
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What does endocytosis bring across the membrane? |
Large particles and fluid. |
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Is endocytosis active or passive? |
Active. |
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What is a vesicle? |
A pouch formed when substances enclosed by cell folds around a substance and forms a vesicle. |
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What is phagocystosis? |
Movement of large particles of whole cells. Ex: Unicellular organisms & bacteria/viruses. |
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What is an example of phagocytosis? |
White blood cells. Lysosomal enzymes that fuses with the vesicles that help destroy bacteria & viruses. |
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What is pinocytosis? |
When fluids are accumulated by the cell membrane which surrounds the fluid & brings it in as a vesicle. |
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What is the function of exocytosis? |
When a vesicle in cytoplam connects to the cell membrane & releases its contents outside cell environment. Ex: Release of proteins & release of hormones to other cells to control activity of others. |