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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Helicase
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An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
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Sngle-Strand Binding Protein
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During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA.
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Primase
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An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer.
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DNA Ploymerase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
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DNA Ligase
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A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of a new DNA fragment to the 5’ end of a growing chain.
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Nuclease
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An enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides.
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Telomerase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments.
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2 things DNA must do
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1. Must be able to replicate (duplicate)
2. Code for specific traits |
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3 hypothesis of DNA replication
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1. Conservative - one cel gets parent double helix, the other cell gets new double helix
2. Semi- conservative Each cell gets a double helix with one strand from the parent, the other strand is new 3. Dspersive Each cell gets a double helix with both strands contaning some parent and some new DNA the correct hypothesis is Sem-conservative where the double helix hydrogen bond is broken and each cell gets one strand of DNA from the parent. |
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Basic Principle of DNA
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2 strands are complementary
each strand acts as a template for building a new strand DNA replciation happens during the S phase of the cell cycle |
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Franklins conclusions
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DNA is composed of 2 antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones with nitrogenous bases paired in the molecules interior
Antiparallel means the 2 DNA strands rund in opposite directons Base pairing rules The nitrogenous bases are paired adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine - the 2 strands are complementary (matching) |
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Bonds formed in DNA
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Adenine and Thymine form 2 bonds
Cytosine and Guanine form 3 bonds |
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DNA
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the most celebrated molecule of our time
Heredity information is encoded in the chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of the body It is the DNA program that directs the development of many different types of traits The role of DNA in heredity was first worked out by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them. |
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Anupolidy
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results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjuncton occured. Is a condition in which offspring have a changed number of a particular chromosome.
If a zygote has 3 copies of a particular chromosome it is Trisomic If a zygote has 1 copy of a particular chromosome it is monosomic |
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Nondisjunction
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Pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate during meiosis.
Gametes contain 2 copies or no copies of a particular chromosome |
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|
Helicase
|
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
|
|
|
Sngle-Strand Binding Protein
|
During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA.
|
|
|
Primase
|
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer.
|
|
|
DNA Ploymerase
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
|
|
|
DNA Ligase
|
A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3’ end of a new DNA fragment to the 5’ end of a growing chain.
|
|
|
Nuclease
|
An enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides.
|
|
|
Telomerase
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments.
|
|
|
2 things DNA must do
|
1. Must be able to replicate (duplicate)
2. Code for specific traits |
|
|
3 hypothesis of DNA replication
|
1. Conservative - one cel gets parent double helix, the other cell gets new double helix
2. Semi- conservative Each cell gets a double helix with one strand from the parent, the other strand is new 3. Dspersive Each cell gets a double helix with both strands contaning some parent and some new DNA the correct hypothesis is Sem-conservative where the double helix hydrogen bond is broken and each cell gets one strand of DNA from the parent. |
|
|
Basic Principle of DNA
|
2 strands are complementary
each strand acts as a template for building a new strand DNA replciation happens during the S phase of the cell cycle |
|
|
Franklins conclusions
|
DNA is composed of 2 antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones with nitrogenous bases paired in the molecules interior
Antiparallel means the 2 DNA strands rund in opposite directons Base pairing rules The nitrogenous bases are paired adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine - the 2 strands are complementary (matching) |
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|
Bonds formed in DNA
|
Adenine and Thymine form 2 bonds
Cytosine and Guanine form 3 bonds |
|
|
DNA
|
the most celebrated molecule of our time
Heredity information is encoded in the chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of the body It is the DNA program that directs the development of many different types of traits The role of DNA in heredity was first worked out by studying bacteria and the viruses that infect them. |
|
|
Anupolidy
|
results from the fertilization of gametes in which nondisjuncton occured. Is a condition in which offspring have a changed number of a particular chromosome.
If a zygote has 3 copies of a particular chromosome it is Trisomic If a zygote has 1 copy of a particular chromosome it is monosomic |
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Nondisjunction
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Pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids do not separate during meiosis.
Gametes contain 2 copies or no copies of a particular chromosome |
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Linked Genes
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tend to be inherited together because they are located near each other on the same chromosome
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Linkage affects inheritance of two different genes
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linked genes do not assort independently; they are close togther on the same chromosome (non-medelian)
Unlinked genes assort independently; either they are on separate chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome. |
