Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is biolody?
|
Biolody is the study of life.
|
|
What are two key laboratory safety rules?
|
1. Wear goggles.
2. Wash hands before and after lab. |
|
What should be done with long hair while in the lab?
|
Long hair should be tied back into a pony tail while in the lab.
|
|
How many of the characteristics of life must an organism have in order to be considered living?
|
An object must exhibit ALL the characteristics of life in order to be considered to be living.
|
|
Which of the characteristers of life is important to the group but not to the individual?
|
Reproduction.
|
|
A single celled organisms such as a bacteria or protist must reproduce _________.
|
Asexually.
|
|
What are three parts to the Cell Theory?
|
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest unit of life. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
|
The result of asexual reproduciton is _____.
|
The result of asexual reproduction is two organisms that are identicals to each other and to the original mother cell.
|
|
What property of water causes it to stick to itself?
|
Water is polar, cohesion holds it together.
|
|
What does "polar" mean as th eword applies to water?
|
A water molecule has positives and negative ends similar to a magnet.
|
|
What is an acid?
|
An acid is a solution that has more hydrogen ions (H+) thant Hydroxide ions- also called hydronium ions (OH-).
|
|
What does the word macromolecule mean?
|
Macromolecules made mainly as organic molecules. There are four main groups of macromolecules.
|
|
What is the monor for a starch polymer?
|
Glucose is the monomer for all polysaccharides.
|
|
What are the four major groups of macromolecules?
|
The four major groups of macromolecules are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.
|
|
What is the monomer for each macromolecule:
*Protein. *Lipid. *Nucleic Acid. *Carbohydrate. |
*Protein: Amino Acids.
*Lipids: - *Nucleic Acid: Nucleotide. *Carbohydrate: Glucose. |
|
Enzymes are special proteins. What is their function?
|
Enzymes (sometimes called catalysts) speed up chemical reactions.
|
|
What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
|
The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do.
|
|
What is the function of the nucleus?
|
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
|
|
What is the function of the endoplasmic recticulum?
|
The endoplasmic recticulum is a pathway for distribution materials through a cell.
|
|
What is the function of the lysosome?
|
The lysosome is the digestive organelle for a cell.
|
|
What is the fuction of the mitochondria?
|
The mitochondria provides energy for the cell.
|
|
What is the function of the ribosome?
|
The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
|
|
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
|
Both are passice transport, but in osmosis WATER is moving. In diffusion something else is moving.
|
|
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will ____.
|
Shrink.
|
|
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
|
Chloroplasts.
|
|
What is purpose of photosynthesis?
|
The puurpose is to store energy from the sun in the chemical bonds of glucose molecules.
|
|
What kinds of organisms perform photosynthesis?
|
Green plants, some bacteria (prokaryrotes) and some protists preform photosynthesis. These are collectively known as producers.
|
|
Why do you have to breathe in oxygen?
|
All organism must take in order to be able to break down glucose and release energy from the chemical bonds there.
|
|
What is the main pigment involved in photosynthesis?
|
The main pigment used in photosynthesis is called chlorophyll.
|
|
What do pigments do?
|
The pigment is a substance that absords some colors of light and reflects others.
|
|
What is it called when sugar is broken down and energy is released?
|
Cellular repiration is the process that breaks down glucose and releases the engery.
|
|
One type of anaerobic respiration is called alcoholic respiration. What kind of organisms preform this and what are the products of alcoholic respiration?
|
Alcoholic respiration is preformed by microscopic fungi called yeast. The products of alcoholic repiration are cardon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.
|
|
Mitosis is one of the two types of cell division. What does mitosis actually mean?
|
Mitosis means division of the nucleus.
|
|
What is the difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells?
|
Animal cells divide along a cleage furrow; plant cells build a cell plate down the middle of dividing cell.
|
|
What happens during the Cell Cycle?
|
The Cell Cycle represents the life cycle of a cell. During G-1 phase the cell grows. During the S-1 phase the cell synthesizes proteins, during the G-2 phase the cell prepares for mitosis, during the M-Phases the nucleus divides.
|
|
What is the purpose of meiosis?
|
The purpose of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes (sex cells).
|
|
What are the four nitrogenous bases used in DNA molecule?
|
The four nitrogenous bases are:
*Adenine. *Cytosine. *Guanine. *Thymine. |
|
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
|
The shape of the DNA molecule is a double helix.
|
|
What is Chargraff's Rule of base pairing?
|
Adenine goes with Thymine.
Guanine goes with Cytosine. |
|
Who is the father of modern genetics?
|
Gregor Mendel is the father of modern genetics.
|
|
What do homozygous and heterozygous mean?
|
-Homosygous means that two alleles that code for a trait are the same.
-Heterozygous means that two allels that code for a trait are different. |
|
What do dominant and recessive mean?
|
-Dominant: the gene that is expressed when in a heterozygote.
-Recessive: these genes are only exressed when in a homozygote. |
|
What is the Principle of Dominance?
|
The Principle of Dominance states that a hybrid organism the dominant trait is the one expressed in phenotype.
|
|
What is a dicotomous key?
|
A dicotomous key is a device that is used to help identigy an organism.
|
|
What does evolution mean?
|
Evolution means that organisms chancge their physical characteristics over a long period of time.
|
|
There are two different types of evolution: Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. What is the difference between the two?
|
In gradualism species change slowly over a long period of time. In punctuated equilibrium the species remain the same for a long period of time and change quickly.
|