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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As the climate changes, habitats change and species have to adapt or die off. What characteristic can help make a species more adaptable to this type of change? |
Genetic diversity |
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Is it fair to say that you are largely in control of your own health? |
Yes. You can control the choices you make about your lifestyle that will benefit or be detrimental to your health. |
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To have high species diversity in an ecosystem, you need which of the following combinations? |
High species richness and even species abundance. |
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Luckily, biogeochemical cycles on earth are too big and complex for anything humans do to impact them. True or false? |
False. For example, we've added carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and it is changing our climate. |
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What is the most diverse type of habitat on earth? |
Tropical coral reefs |
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The theory of island biogeography says that the number of species on an island of a given size will stay fairly constant over time. How did the Simberloffs test this using mangrove islands in Florida, and was the theory supported? |
They removed all the insects on a group of islands and then monitored how many came back. Before and after numbers were similar so the theory was supported. |
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What is fiber in a diet? |
Complex carbohydrates that can't be fully digested. |
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Which of the following best described a predator-prey relationship? |
Exploitation |
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How does the theory of island biogeography apply to habitats not on islands? |
Small isolated areas of habitat on land, surrounded by unsuitable habitat, are like "islands" so bigger areas have more species |
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Capture of solar energy might be considered something we get from which of the following support services that ecosystems provide? |
Supporting services |
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Bones support the body and protect soft parts, and what else do they do? |
Store minerals and produce blood cells |
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Early humans moved from the west coast of the Americas inland about 12000 years ago. What happened in the Americas abour this time? |
Most large mammals began going extinct. |
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Why are there never more than two to three levels of carnivores in the trophies pyramid of ah ecosystem? |
Most of the energy in each trophic level is used up before it is passed to the next level |
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Why does a good night's sleep matter?
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All of the above |
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Why are cowbirds a particular problem for Kirkland's warblers?
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The cowbirds have only recently started parasitizing the warblers nests, so they haven't had time to adapt yet, and the warblers are rare to start with.
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Where in the digestive tract does the breakdown of carbohydrates begin?
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Enzymes in the saliva begin the breakdown of carbohydrates
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Different species of fig wasps specialize in pollinating specific species of fig. Their mutualism is obligatory. What is the potential problem with this strategy?
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If "your" wasp, or "your" fig dies out, you die out, too.
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Which of the following mass extinction events resulted in the loss of the most species?
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The Permian extinction
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Why should we care about the services that intact ecosystems provide?
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Because our survival depends on those ecosystems. We can't afford to do all that they do.
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Which of the following best describes a muscle contraction?
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At the signal to contract, ATP provides energy to allow myosin heads to pull the actin filaments thereby pulling z-disks closer together.
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The controversy between loggers and conservationists in the Pacific Northwest was framed as a fight over an owl, but what was it really about?
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Short-term versus long-term benefits of an old-growth forest
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Milkweed produces toxins to deter herbivores, but monarch caterpillars have adapted to be resistant and actually use the toxins to deter their own predators. what is this an example of?
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an evolutionary arms race.
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where does all the energy in an ecosystem come from initially?
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the sun
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where does the energy in food come from?
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the chemical bonds holding the food molecules together
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clownfish live inside anemones. the clownfish get protection and the anemone eats scraps from the clownfish meals. this is an examples of which of the following?
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mutualism
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who is perhaps the best known ecologist of our time, and what did he primarily study throughout his career?
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E.O. Wilson, ants
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Which of the following are made of inorganic molecules and are required for health, but in very small quantities?
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minerals
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which of the following information about the pancreas is most accurate?
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the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid and secretes enzymes into the small intestine to digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
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in a long-term experiment at Hubbard Brook in New Hampshire, scientists compared an undisturbed valley with a valley that had all the plants removed. what did they discover?
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forests play a major role in reducing water pollution from runoff and in maintaining soil fertility
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right now the background extinction rate is about what it normally has been historically through geologic time. true or false?
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false. it's much higher now than has been typical
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the country of Honduras is about the same size as the state of Virginia. where would you expect to find higher species diversity? why?
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Honduras, because it's closer to the equator.
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why do we need a variety of foods?
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no single food provides everything we need to be healthy
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according to Gause, two species that use the same resource do fine when they exist separately, but one outcompetes the other when they're together. what does this illustrate?
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the competitive exclusion principle
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what is the function of the liver related to digestion?
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produce bile to breakdown fats and convert excess energy from food into fat for storage
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if you want to monitor loss of rainforests on a global scale, what is an effective way to do it?
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keep track of satellite images of Earth over time
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How does a population do pathogens become resistant to a drug?
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Natural selection: some are resistant to start, and those survive and reproduce
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Why does it make sense that metabolism is measured in calories?
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the chemical reactions of metabolism produce heat energy, and energy is measured in calories.
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a highly-virulent pathogen is reproduction in the host most quickly, so it should "win" and therefore most pathogens should evolve to be highly virulent. why don't they?
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a highly virulent pathogen may be less likely to infect more humans if it disables the first host too quickly
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which of the following is the sequence of vessels the blood follows as it circulates?
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Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart
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why are the reflexes faster than typical body responses to stimuli?
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the circuit from stimulus to response doesn't go through the brain first
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how does ADH work and what does it do?
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It binds to the collecting tubules in the kidney, opening pores to allow water to flow back out the kidney to the blood.
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How does blood doping work?
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red blood cells are extracted, stored, and reinjected prior to competition to enhance oxygen uptake and endurance
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How is a "hangover" as a result of drinking alcohol related yo water balance in the body?
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Alcohol is a diuretic, and the hangover feeling is a symptom of dehydration
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What are four stages of a new infectious disease?
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Exposure, infection, transmission, epedimic
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Which of the following structures is most responsible for controlling water loss, making urine and maintaining proper salt concentration in the blood?
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Kidney
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If your olfactory bulb was damaged what might happen?
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Your sense of smell
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Which of the following drugs are all stimulants?
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Caffeine, nicotine and cocaine
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Which part of the heart pumps "used" blood back to the lungs to be reoxygenated?
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Right ventricle
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In your body's heating and cooling system, which of the following would be a positive effector?
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Shivering
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Why is it easier to overheat on a humid day?
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Evaporative heat loss by sweating decreases when the air is humid
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What are the three major parts of the brain?
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Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
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Which of the following neurodegenerative diseases is the result of a lack of the neurotransmitter dopamine which leads to tremors?
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Parkinson's disease
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What makes heart cells best together?
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The pace maker
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What controls the core body temperature?
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The hypothalamus
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What causes malaria?
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Particular species of protozoan
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Why do your nose, ears, fingers and toes get cold first when you are in a cold environment?
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The body directs blood flow in toward the core
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If resistance is possible, why aren't all bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
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Maintaining resistance leaves less energy for repoduction
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What is and what causes a concussion?
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A brain bruise: anything that causes the brain to bang against the inside of the skull
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What is the basic energy you need to maintain your body processes when you are at rest?
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Your basal metabolic rate
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You raise your hand to answer a question on class. Which part of the nervous system are you using?
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Somatic nervous system
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