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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Why do living things require energy
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- maintain homeostasis
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What is ATP and how is it used by the cell to accomplish life processes |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - molecule - stores energy untill needed. Is build when the cell adds two phosphate groups to AMP ( adenosine monophosphate) --> ADP (adenosine diphosphate) --> ADP. This process of adding phosphate groups involve building high energy chemical bonds. |
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Plants are able to manufacture their own food. Why do they also carry on cellular respiration? |
to break down food molecules that they produce in order to release energy. |
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5 factors of wellness |
1. physical wellness - caring for your body in terms of sleep, exercise, proper nutrition and hydration, exposure to various drugs and medications, regular medical check-up 2. emotional wellness - existence of healthy emotions as we experience the events in our lives and the relationship with other people 3. Spiritual wellness - understand the deeper meaning of life, the force that control our present and shape our future. 4. intellectual wellness - being able and willing to learn new things while stimulating and challenging your mind. 5. social wellness - refers to the degree to which a person interacts successfully with others |
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6 characteristics that identify living things |
1. various levels of organization 2. must get energy and materials from environment (metabolism) 3. exhibit control to maintain a constant internal environment (homeostsis) 4. reproduce (sexually or asexyally 5. grow and develop 6. respond to changes in environment (i.e. Theromoregulation) |
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Diffusion |
passive transport of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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osmosis |
diffusion of water |
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pinocytosis |
method of bringing dissolved nutrients into a cell |
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hypertonic |
a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell |
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phosophlipid |
consists of a phosphate group and two long tails of fatty acids |
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hypotonic |
a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell |
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Cholesterol |
lipid found in the cell membrane that helps maintain the fluidity of the membrane |
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Endocytosis
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a form of active transport used to transport large molecules
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.....transport and what
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active transport |
transport of materials against the concentration |
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Semipermeable |
describes the cell membrane. boundary that allows some, but not all, materials to enter and leave the cell. |
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phospholipid bilayer |
the structure of the cell membrane. made up of two layers of fatty substances called phospholipids sandwiched together. Embedded in this double layer are proteins and cholesterol molecules |
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Concentration Gradient
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difference between the concentration of a substance on one side of a membrane and the contraction on the other side.
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Equilibrium
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refers to the point at which those materials have equal concentrations inside and outside the cell.
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main difference between active transport and passive transport |
passive transport doesn't need energy, active transport needs energy. |
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describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane |
the model explains that the membrane is made of a double layer of phospolipid molecules sandwiched together. Embedded in this layer are protein molecules and cholesterol. |
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How are osmosis and diffusion related terms |
Diffusion involves the passive transport of any material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water. |
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Name and distinguish between the two types of endocytosis |
Pinocytosis - process of engulfing liquid food particles and bring them into the cell. |
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Isotonic |
the cell remains at equilibrium with its environment. Movement into the cell is the same as outside the cell. No change occurs. |
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6 essential life processes that must be manged by living things
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1. Obtaining food - produce their own food or consume other organisms in order to get energy from breaking the food down into smaller substances
2. Converting energy - engery stored in food is converted into energy that the organism can us to carry out the essential processes of life and to maintain homeostasis 3. eliminating wastes - processes produced waste substances that the organism must get rid of. 4. Reproducing - must produce offspring b either sexual or asexual process. 5. Growing and repairing - continually grow, develop and repair body tissues 6. transporting substances - either between cells or between |
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3 types of proteins found int he cell membrane |
1. Channel proteins - allow particular molecules to cross the membrane by providing a channel for them to pass through. |
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Metabolism |
sum of all chemical reactions that are carried out by the cell |
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Catabolic reactions |
break large, complex molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process |
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anabolic reactions |
assemble large complex molecules grom simpler ones, input of energy. |
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Classify as producing ATP or consuming ATP: breakdown of sugar molecules results in |
production |
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Classify as producing ATP or consuming ATP: |
consumption |
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Classify as producing ATP or consuming ATP: |
produce |
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Which reactions produce ATP molecules |
catabolic reactions release ATP |
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Heterotrophs |
eat food molecules and then break them down for energy |
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autotrophs |
build food molecules and then break them down for energy |
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