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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
All matter, living and nonliving, is composed of what?
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Elements
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How many naturally occuring elements are there?
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92
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The body is made up primarily of how many elements?
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6
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The acronym CHNOPS helps you to remember the 6 elements that make up the body. What are they?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus & Sulfur
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Elements contain tiny particles called what?
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Atoms
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What is the smallest unity of matter to enter into chemical reactions?
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atoms
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What are the three extremely small subatomic particles that make up an atom?
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proton, neutrons & electrons
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An atom is most stable when the outermost shell contains how many electrons?
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eight
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Atoms that have the same atomic number and differ only in the number of neutrons are called what?
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Isotopes
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What are unstable isotopes called?
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radioactive isotopes
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Atoms often bond with each other to form a chemical unit called what?
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A molecule
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What are the two types of bonds that join atoms?
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ionic and covalent
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What are the particles that carry either a positive or negative charge called?
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ion
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What is another name for high blood pressure?
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hypertension
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Lack of sufficient iron in the blood is called what?
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iron deficiency anemia
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The type of reaction wherein atoms form a molecule by sharing electrons is called what?
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covalent reaction
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What is the most abundant molecule in living organisms?
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water
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What percentage of the body's weight is made up of water?
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60-70%
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What type of a bond occurs whenever a covelently bonded hydrogen is attracted to a negatively charged atom som distance away?
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hydrogen bond
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What does is mean if something clings together?
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cohesive
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Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?
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Acid
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Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?
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bases
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The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?
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pH scale
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pH level below 7 is what?
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acidicc
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pH level above 7 is what?
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base
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What number is neutral on the pH scale?
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7
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?
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acidosis
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?
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alkalosis
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A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?
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buffers
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What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?
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carbohydrates
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Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?
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Acid
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Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?
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bases
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The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?
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pH scale
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pH level below 7 is what?
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acidicc
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pH level above 7 is what?
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base
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What number is neutral on the pH scale?
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7
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?
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acidosis
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Molecules that dissociate in water releasing hydrogen ions are called what?
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Acid
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?
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alkalosis
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Molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions are called what?
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bases
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A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?
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buffers
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The scale that ranges from 0-14 is called what?
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pH scale
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What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?
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carbohydrates
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pH level below 7 is what?
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acidicc
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pH level above 7 is what?
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base
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What number is neutral on the pH scale?
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7
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH drops below 7, what is the condition called?
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acidosis
|
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Living things need to maintain a constant pH level in their blood. If the pH climbs above 7, what is the condition called?
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alkalosis
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A chemical or a combination of chemicals that can take up excess hydrogen or excess OH are called what?
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buffers
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What supplies short-term, quick energy for all organisms?
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carbohydrates
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What is another name for a simple sugar?
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monosaccaride
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Sugar that contains two units of a monosaccaride is called what?
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disaccharide
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Synthesis of a disaccharide is called what kind of reaction?
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condensation reaction
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degradation of a disaccharide is called what kind of reaction?
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hydrolosis
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A carbohydrate that contains a large number of monosaccharide molecules is called what?
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polysaccharide
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A molecule having many side branches is called what?
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glycogen
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If the blood contains more glucose that spills over into the urine, what is the condition called?
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diabetes
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what is another name for fats?
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lipids
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What acts as long-term energy storage in the human body?
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fats
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A fat contains two types of unit molecules. What are they?
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glycerol and fatty acids
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Fatty acids are classifies into one of two groups. What are they?
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Saturated and unsaturated
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lipid-soluble, biologically active molecules having 4 interlock rings
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steroids
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the deposit of fatty material inside the living of blood vessels which reduces blood flow is called what?
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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Huge biomolecules that sometimes have mainly a structural function are called what?
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proteins
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Necessary contributors to the chemical workings of the calle are called what?
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Enzymes
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The unit molecules found in proteins are called what
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amino acids
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What joins two amino acids together?
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peptide bond
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The process by which an acid group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid is called what?
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synthesis
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Huge biomolecules whith a very specific function in cells are called what?
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nucleic acids
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the hereditary factors that we received from our parents are called what?
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genes
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The molecule that stores coded information is called what?
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DNA
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What nucleic acide works in conjuction with DNA to bring about protein synthesis in cells?
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RNA or ribonucleic acid
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A very special type of nucleotide which is composed of the base adenine and the sugar ribose as well as 3 phosphate groups is called what?
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ATP or adenosine triphosphate
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What is the energy currency of cells?
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ATP
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