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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a calorie?
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The unit used to measure the amount of energy in food.
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What is a nutrient?
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Any substance that provides the body with the materials and energy needed to carry out the basic life processes.
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What are the 6 basic nutrients?
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1.Carbohydrates (Carbs)
2.Proteins 3.Lipids (Fats) 4.Vitamins 5.Minerals 6.Water |
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What are Carbohydrates?
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Energy
They break down into simple sugars (glucose) and starches. Glucose: Provides quick and short-lasting energy Starch: Made up of long chains of glucose. Provides longer lasting energy. Sources are candy, pasta, bread and rice. |
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What are Proteins?
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Made of long lasting chains of amino acids.
They build and repair body tissue. Sources are meat, milk, eggs, and beans. |
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What are Lipids(Fats)?
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They provide stored energy.
Insulate and protect organs. Sources are meat, cheese, butter, and oil. |
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What are Vitamins?
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They help prevent diseases.
Sources are fruits, vegetables, milk and meat. |
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What are Minerals?
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They help build healthy bones, teeth, muscles and red blood cells.
Sources are vegetables, milk and whole grain. [ex. iron and calcium] |
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What is Water?
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Made of hydrogen and oxygen.
Makes up the cytoplasm, blood and tissue fluid. Most foods contain water. |
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What is the Digestive System and it's function?
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To break down food into a form that the body can use.
-small enough to diffuse through the cell membrane |
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What is the function of your Mouth and Teeth?
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To mechanically and chemically break down (digest) starch.
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What is the function of the Esophagus?
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It pushes food from the mouth to your stomach.
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What is the function of your stomach?
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To mechanically and chemically break down (digest) protein
-Very acidic (pH less than 7) |
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What is the function of the Small Intestine?
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Chemical Digestion of Starch, Protein, and Fat.
Most digestion takes place here *Digestion ends here* |
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What is the function of the Large Intestine?
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Excess water is absorbed back into the bloodstream here.
*No digestion occurs here* |
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What is the function of the Salivary Glands?
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They release enzymes into your mouth, helping to break down starch
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What is the function of the Gall Bladder and Liver?
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They release bile into the small intestine to break down fat.
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What is the function of the Pancreas?
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It releases enzymes and chemicals into the small intestine to break down starch and fat.
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Name the Organs of the Human Digestive System. (9-10)
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1.Mouth
2.Salivary Glands 3.Esophagus 4.Stomach 5.Liver 6.Gall Bladder 7.Pancreas 8.Small Intestine 9.Large Intestine 10. Anus (optional) |
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Name (4) Organs that help digest Carbohydrates.
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1. Mouth
2. Salivary Glands 3. Pancreas 4. Small Intestine |
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Name (3) Organs that help digest Protein.
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1. Stomach
2. Pancreas 3. Small Intestine |
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Name (4) Organs that help digest Fats.
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1. Liver
2. Gall Bladder 3. Pancreas 4. Small Intestine |
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Name (2) Organs that absorb and digest Water and Food
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Large and Small Intestine
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The substance with which an enzyme reacts is its __________.
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Substrate
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Enzymes act as Catalysts in living cells.
What does Catalysts mean? |
It means it increases the rate of chemical actions
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Where is the Active Site of an enzyme?
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Where the chemical reaction occurs.
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What is meant by enzyme specificity?
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Only specific enzymes can work on specific substrates.
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Enzymes are
__________________ and _________________ |
Catalysts and Proteins
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Enzymes are needed for
________________ and _________________ |
Digestion(breaking down) and Synthesis(building up)
*Could also say Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis |
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Enzyme shape is important because...
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Lock and Key model- Just as only one key will fit in the lock to your door, only one enzyme "fits with" one substrate.
Will only work on certain substances |
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Can chemical reaction occur without enzymes?
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No
**No chemical reaction can occur without enzymes** |