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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gene |
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
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3 types of RNA |
rRNA (ribosomal RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), mRNA (messenger RNA) |
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messenger RNA (mRNA) |
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
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transfer RNA (tRNA) |
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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transcription |
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
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RNA polymerase |
enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
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promoter |
region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
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intron |
sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
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exon |
expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
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codon |
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
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translation |
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
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anticodon |
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
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polypeptide |
amino acids that are bonded together in a chain; forms part of or a whole protein |
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amino acid |
protein monomer |