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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three parts of the body which make up the first line of defence against pathogens.
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The skin, the respiratory system and the eyes.
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What is the body's second line of defence against pathogens?
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Non-specific White Blood Cells.
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Explain briefly what lymphocytes do.
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White blood cells called lymphocytes attack specific microbes. They release antibodies to attack and destroy the pathogen.
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Name four types of pathogen.
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Bacteria, protozoa, viruses and fungus.
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What's the difference between transmission of microbes by direct contact and by indirect contact?
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Direct contact - passed directly from one organism to another without any form of carrier.
Indirect contact - passed from one organism to another by a carrier. |
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Explain the difference between horizontal and vertical transmission of disease.
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Vertical - from mother to baby.
Horizontal - from any individual to another. |
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Give an example of a disease that's spread by something non-living. How is it spread?
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Typhoid is spread through water or food.
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What are typical sings of TB? How is TB spread?
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Coughing, fatigue, weight loss and lack of appetite, fever and night sweats are typical sings. It is spread through droplet infection.
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Explain briefly why TB in the UK has become more common despite the old immunisation programme.
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Movement of people from countries where TB is more common and the increase in numbers of people infected with HIV.
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Who now gets vaccinated against TB in the new programme?
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Only people in high risk areas.
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Give one reason why TB might become more of a problem in the future.
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The disease may become resistant to antibiotics and other drugs used to prevent it.
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Why does it cost so much to develop new drugs?
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It takes a long time and lots of potential substances are rejects during the trials.
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What does it mean if a drug is described as addictive?
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It is a physical need for that drug and if they don't get it they have withdrawal symptoms.
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What are the three classes of illegeal drugs in the UK? Give an example of a drug from each of the three classes.
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Class A drugs - Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy and cocaine.
Class B drugs - Amphetamines (speed) Class C drugs - Cannabis, anabolic steroids and tranquillisers. |
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State some changes in behaviour that can be caused by drugs.
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It slows responses, reactions and will cause poor judgement of speed and distances.
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