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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
allele
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one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic
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There are different alleles for each gene, different versions of each gene
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dominant
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allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one pair of homologous chromosomes
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fully expressed
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recessive
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trait or allele expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
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only when 2 are inherited
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P generation
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parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
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F^1
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1st generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of 2 organisms
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F^2
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2nd generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of 2 organisms
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Law of segregation
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law stating that pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only on chromosome from each pair is present in the gamete
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Law of Independent Assortment
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law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
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pure
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true breeding, both alleles the same
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test cross
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crossing of an individual of unknown genotype w/ a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
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trait
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genetically determined variant of a characteristic
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codominance
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condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed
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incomplete dominance
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condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's 2 parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully
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dihybrid cross
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a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same genes
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monohybrid cross
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a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
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genotype
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the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
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pheyotype
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an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
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heterozygous
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describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
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Punnett square
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a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
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