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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gastrin |
secretedby G cells in duodenum |
|
Secretin |
released when chyme arrives in duodenum |
|
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) |
Inhibits the secretion of gastric juice/gastrin |
|
cholecystokinin (CCK) |
secreted when fats and carbohydrates enter the small intestine |
|
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) |
stimulates secretion of intestinal glands, dilates regional capillaries, and inhibits acid production |
|
Products of glycolysis |
3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate = ionized form of pyruvic acid) |
|
Products of citric acid cycle |
one molecule of GTP (guanosine triphosphate |
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Product of oxidative phosphorylation |
2 H2 + 2O2 --> 2 H2O |
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From the citric acid cycle, which yields the most energy? |
NADH |
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What do you need for glycolysis |
NAD, ATP, glucose, and ADP |
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When is the carbon dioxide of respiration formed? |
Citric acid cycle |
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How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism of one glucose? |
36 |
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When NAD+ is reduced, it becomes _____. When NADH is oxidized, it becomes ______. |
NADH, NAD+ |
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What are the end products of aerobic respiration? |
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP |
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What is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates called |
gluconeogenesis |
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What is not required for glycolysis |
pyruvic acid (it's created by it!!!) |
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What happens with beta-oxidation? |
it yields large amounts of ATP |
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Removal of the amino group from amino acids in the first step of their catabolism requires a coenzyme derived from: |
vitamin B6 |
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What is transamination |
the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to a keto acid |
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Where is urea produced, and what can high levels produce? |
liver, gout |
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What happens in the absorptive state |
amino acids are being used to supply the mitochondria with Acetyl CoA |
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what happens in the postabsorptive state |
glycogenlysis (death of glycogen) and gluconeogensis (creation of glycogen from non-glucose sources) occur in the liver, ketone bodies may be formed (and build up), and fat mobilization occurs |
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G cells |
secrete gastrin |
|
chief cells |
secrete pepsinogen (which is converted to pepsin by hcl) |
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parietal cells |
secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid |