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170 Cards in this Set
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Gram + Cocci
Catalase + α hemolytic Optiochin Resistant |
Strep viridans
Dental carries Subacute bacterial endocarditis 2° to dental work |
|
|
Gram + Cocci
Catalase + α hemolytic Optiochin Sensitive |
Strep pneumo:
1. pneumonia 2. otitis media 3. sinusitis 4. sepsis #1 cause of Bacterial Meningitis |
|
|
Gram + Cocci
Catalase + β hemolytic Bacitracin Resistant |
Strep agalactiae (aka group B)
1. Neonatal Sepsis 2. Neonatal meningitis 3. Neonatal pneumonia |
|
|
Gram + Cocci
Catalase + β hemolytic Bacitracin Sensitive |
Strep pyogenes
Group A 1. Pharyngitis 2. Ceullulitis 3. Erysipelas 4. Rheumatic Fever 5. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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|
Gram + Cocci
Catalase + γ hemolytic Growth in Bile & 6.5% NaCl |
Enterococci, incl E faciaeale
Group D Endocarditis after GU procedures |
|
|
Gram + Cocci
Catalase + γ hemolytic Growth in Bile but not in 6.5% NaCl |
Non-enterocci
Strep bovis Endocarditis assoc c Colonic malignancy |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Dental Caries
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep viridans: α hemolytic, optochin resistant
Dental carries & Subacute bacterial endocarditis 2° to dental work |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Endocarditis 2° to Dental Problems
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep viridans: α hemolytic, optochin resistant
Dental carries Subacute bacterial endocarditis 2° to dental work |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Pneumonia
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep pneumonia: α hemolytic, optochin sensitive
1. pneumonia 2. otitis media 3. sinusitis 4. sepsis #1 cause of Bacterial Meningitis |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c otitis media
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep pneumonia: α hemolytic, optochin sensitive
1. pneumonia 2. otitis media 3. sinusitis 4. sepsis #1 cause of Bacterial Meningitis |
|
|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c sinusitis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep pneumonia: α hemolytic, optochin sensitive
1. pneumonia 2. otitis media 3. sinusitis 4. sepsis #1 cause of Bacterial Meningitis |
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Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c sepsis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep pneumonia: α hemolytic, optochin sensitive
1. pneumonia 2. otitis media 3. sinusitis 4. sepsis #1 cause of Bacterial Meningitis |
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Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c neonatal sepsis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep agalactiae
aka Group B β hemolytic, bacitracin resistant 1. neonatal sepsis 2. neonatal meningitis 3. neonatal pneumonia |
|
|
Parvovirus B19 loves which cells
|
erythroid precurosors
[esp pronormoblasts and normoblasts] |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c neonatal meningitis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep agalactiae
aka Group B β hemolytic, bacitracin resistant 1. neonatal sepsis 2. neonatal meningitis 3. neonatal pneumonia |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c neonatal pneumonia
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep agalactiae
aka Group B β hemolytic, bacitracin resistant 1. neonatal sepsis 2. neonatal meningitis 3. neonatal pneumonia |
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Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Pharyngitis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Pyogenes
Group A β hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive 1. pharyngitis, 2. cellulitis 3. erysipelas 4. rheumatic fever 5. PS Glomerulonephritis |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Cellulitis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Pyogenes
Group A β hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive 1. pharyngitis, 2. cellulitis 3. erysipelas 4. rheumatic fever 5. PS Glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Erysipelas
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Pyogenes
Group A β hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive 1. pharyngitis, 2. cellulitis 3. erysipelas 4. rheumatic fever 5. PS Glomerulonephritis |
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|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Rheumatic Fever
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Pyogenes
Group A β hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive 1. pharyngitis, 2. cellulitis 3. erysipelas 4. rheumatic fever 5. PS Glomerulonephritis |
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Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c Glomerulonephritis
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Pyogenes
Group A β hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive 1. pharyngitis, 2. cellulitis 3. erysipelas 4. rheumatic fever 5. PS Glomerulonephritis |
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Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c endocarditis following GU procedures
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Enterococci (E faecilialis)
Group D γ hemolytic growth in bile & 6.5 NaCl no other dz states |
|
|
Gram + Catalase -- Cocci assoc c endocarditis 2° colonic malignancy
Agent, Biochemical Profile, Other Dz's |
Strep Bovis
γ hemolytic growth in bile but NOT 6.5 NaCl no other dz states |
|
|
Cold Agglutinins
|
antibodies against epitopes which happen to mimic human erythrocytes
associated with myocplasma pneumoniae, EBV and hematologic malignancies |
|
|
Diarrhea, Weight Loss, Arthralgia
|
Whipple's Dz
"Foamy" PAS+ M∅ Mn: CAN of Whipped Cream Cardiac Sx Arthralgias Neurologic Sx |
#gastrointestinal #microbiology #pathology
|
|
Diathesis Panel
Laboratory Abnormality of HUS |
↑ Bleeding Time from Platelet consuming thrombi
oddly no ↑ PT, or PTT Shiga toxin producing Shigella or E Coli O157H7 |
#microbiology #pathology #hematology
|
|
Ehrlichia
|
zoonotic infx from amblyoma lone star
obligate intracellular inhibits phagolysosomal fusion a rickettsia |
#microbiology
|
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Obligate intracytoplasmic bacterieria
|
chlamydia and rickettsia
NB: only these survive intracytoplasmically outside of phagosomes |
#microbiology
|
|
Bile Soluble Streptococci
|
ie cannot grow in presence of bile
all non enterococcal strep |
#microbiology
|
|
HIV gp41
|
gp41 is fusion protein allows entry into cell after adherence
[gp120 allows adherence to CD4] both cleaved from gp160 from env gene |
#HIV #microbiology
|
|
HIV gp120
|
gp120 allows adherence to CD4
[gp41 is fusion protein allows entry into cell after adherence] both cleaved from gp160 from env gene |
#HIV #microbiology
|
|
HBV vs HCV
& Hepatocellular CA |
HBV: integrates into genomes
HBx protein encodes for growth promoting and p53 inactivating proteins HCV induces hepatocellular cancer simply through chronic inflammation, does not encorporate into genome, no specific pro-CA molecules |
#pathology #microbiology #neoplasia
|
|
the pathology of 3* syphilis
|
obliteration of vasa vasorum
|
#microbiology
|
|
Cause of Death:
Acute Rheumatic Fever |
Myocarditis
NB: mitral stenosis req's years to dvlp |
#microbiology #pathology
|
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D-glutamate capsule
|
The primary virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, required for pathogenicity, uniquely does not contain polysaccharide
"wool-workers dz" grows "medusa head" colonies on media spores grow once ingested by alvoelar M∅ → mediastinal lymkph nodes → hemorrhagic mediastinitis → septic shock and death anthrax toxin |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
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Wool Worker with Widened Mediastinum
|
Bacillus anthracis --"wool workers dz"
spores grow once ingested by alvoelar M∅ → mediastinal lymkph nodes → hemorrhagic mediastinitis → septic shock and death D-glutamate capsule is the The primary virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, required for pathogenicity, uniquely does not contain polysaccharide grows "medusa head" colonies on media anthrax toxin |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
|
"medusa head" colonies on agar
|
Bacillus anthracis --"wool workers dz"
spores grow once ingested by alvoelar M∅ → mediastinal lymkph nodes → hemorrhagic mediastinitis → septic shock and death D-glutamate capsule is the The primary virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, required for pathogenicity, uniquely does not contain polysaccharide anthrax toxin |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
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Fever, GI distress, Hepatosplenomegaly, Periumbilical Rose Spots
|
Salmonella typhi
|
#microbiology #gastrointestinal #hepatobiliary #pathology
|
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Microbe: produce diarrhea with small innoculum
|
Entamoeba Histolytica (1)
Giardia (1) Shigella (10) Campylobacter jejuni (500) |
#microbiology #gastrointestinal
|
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Rapid Lactose Fermenters
|
Kleb: Citrate + Urease +
Enterobacter: Citrate + Urease Neg E Coli: Citrate, Urease Double Neg |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Biochemical Profile of Kleb
|
Rapid Lactose Fermenter
Citrate + Urease + |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of Enterobacter
|
Rapid Lactose Fermenter
Citrate + Urease Neg |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of E coli
|
Rapid Lactose Fermenter
Citrate Neg Urease Neg |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of Shigella
|
Oxidase Negative
Lactose Nonfermenter Which does not produce H2S on TSI Agar |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of Salmonella
|
Oxidase Negative Lactose Nonfermenter
Which Produces H2S on TSI Agar Identical Profile to Proteus |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of Proteus
|
Oxidase Negative Lactose Nonfermenter
Which Produces H2S on TSI Agar Identical Profile to Salmonella |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Biochemical Profile of Pseudomonas
|
Oxidase Positive Lactose Nonfermenter
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Gram Negative Rod
Which Ferments Lactose Slowly |
Both Citrobacter and Serratia
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Urease + Citrate +
Rapid Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Rod |
Kleb
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Urease Neg Citrate +
Rapid Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Rod |
Enterobacter
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Urease Neg Citrate Neg
Rapid Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Rod |
E coli
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Oxidase Negative Lactose Non-Fermenting
Gram Negative Rod Which Does Not Produce H2S on TSI Agar |
Shigella
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Oxidase Negative Lactose Non-Fermenting
Gram Negative Rod Which Produces H2S on TSI Agar |
Either Salmonella or Proteus
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
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Oxidase Positive
Lactose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rod |
Pseudomonas
|
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Lactose Non Fermenting
Oxidase Negative Gram Negative Rod |
TSI Agar:
∅ H2S Prodxn: Shigella H2S Prodxn: Salmonella or Proteus |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Maltose Fermenting
Gram Negative Cocci |
N meningitidis
NB: Maltose Non-Fermenting = N gonorrhoeae |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Maltose Non-Fermenting
Gram Negative Cocci |
N gonorrhoeae
NB: Maltose Fermenting = N meningitidis |
#microbiology #diagnostics
|
|
Acyclovir v Herpesviruses
|
Guanosine Analogue
must be converted to acyclovir monophosphate by virally encoded Thymidine Kinase before being incorporated (rate limiting step) HSV-1 & VZV produce thymidine kinase EBV and CMV do not [some fnxality at extremely high concentrations] |
#pharmacology #microbiology #antimicrobials
|
|
Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Pathogenesis |
Parvovirus B19
or Thymoma |
#pathology #hematology #microbiology #noplasia
|
|
Most Likely Outcomes:
Acute Hep B and C |
Hep B: Complete Resolution
Hep C: Chronic Stable Hepatitis |
#microbiology #hepatobiliary #pathology
|
|
Mycoplasma v Mycobacterium
Species, DOC's |
Mycobacterium: tuberculosis, leprosy, M avium
Mycolic acid cell wall: acid fast INH (B6 analogue) inhibits mycolic acid synth Mycoplasma: M pneumo & ureaplasma urealyticam single cell membrane composed of cholesterol containing pospholipid bilayer DOC: erythromycin or tetracycline |
#microbiology #antimicrobials #pharmacology
|
|
To where is blastomyces native
|
Mississippi River & Great Lakes regions
|
#microbiology
|
|
Pt cannot clear Giardia infx
|
IgA deficiency
|
#microbiology #immunology #gastrointestinal
|
|
Hydrocephalus, Intracranial Calcifications, Chorioretinitis
|
Classic Traid of Congenital Toxoplasmosis
1st exposed when pregnant |
#pathology #neonatology #microbiology
|
|
Congential Toxoplasmosis
|
Classic Triad:
Hydrocephalus Intracranial Calcifications Chorioretinitis 1st exposed when pregnant |
#pathology #neonatology #microbiology
|
|
Vaccine from recombinant outer surface protein
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
#microbiology #vaccines
|
|
DOC: Mac
|
clarithormycin or azithromycin + others
|
#antimicrobials #pharmacology #microbiology
|
|
DOC: kaospi's sarcoma
|
IFN α (roferon)
|
#antimicrobials #pharmacology #microbiology
|
|
DOC: Pneumocystis pneumonia
|
pentamidine
also for tyrpanosoma brucei |
#antimicrobials #pharmacology #microbiology
|
|
pentamidine
|
DOC: Pneumocystis pneumonia & Tyrpanosoma brucei
[unknown mech] |
#antimicrobials #pharmacology #microbiology
|
|
Mutations in the HIV genome which enhance its virulence/survival
|
pol genes: resistance to HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors & other antiretroviral drugs (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
env: escape host neurtalizing antibodies (codes glycoproteins) |
#microbiology #resistance
|
|
DOC: Listeria
|
Ampicillin
(& Aminoglycosides) |
#microbiology #antimicrobials #pharmacology
|
|
Emperical Treatment for Meningitis
|
Ceftriaxone + Ampicillin
Ceftriaxone: -Neisseria -Strep pneumo -Strep pyo -H influenzae Ampicillin -Listeria Monocytogenes |
#microbiology #antimicrobials #pharmacology
|
|
Drug using population:
what organisms cause endocarditis |
1. Staph aureus
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NB: Tricuspid endocarditis, septic emboli to lungs → hemorrhagic necrosis |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
|
Attachment Molecule for CMV
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Attachment Molecule for EBV
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Attachment Molecule for HIV
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Attachment Molecule for Rabies
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Attachment Molecule for Rhinovirus
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Virus Which attaches to Cellular Integrins
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Virus Which attaches to CD21
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Virus Which attaches to DR2
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Virus Which attaches to ICAM1
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Virus Which attaches to CD54
|
CMV: Cellular Integrins
EBV: DR2 (CD21) HIV: CD4, CXCR4 & CXCR5 Rabies: Nicotinic ACh receptor Rhinovirus: ICAM1 (CD54) |
#microbiology
|
|
Intestinal Invasion: Agents
|
Salmonella
Shigella EIEC Campylobacter jejunu Entamoeba histolitica |
#microbiology #gastrointestinal
|
|
"Stacked Brick" Intestinal Bacterial Adhesions
|
Enteroaggregative E coli EAEC
|
#microbiology #gastrointestinal
|
|
Mononucleus like Sro with negative monospot test
|
CMV HHV-6 Toxoplasmosis
|
#microbiology
|
|
Differentiating Septate Hyphae
|
V-branching: Aspergillus
Right Angle: Mucor/Rhizapus |
#microbiology
|
|
Reactive Arthritis
Urethritis Conjunctivitis |
Reiter's Sro
HLA B27 assoc w/ infx of : Chlamydia Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia Campylobacter |
#microbiology #pathology
|
|
Reiter's Sro
|
Reactive Arthritis
Urethritis Conjunctivitis HLA B27 assoc w/ infx of : Chlamydia Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia Campylobacter |
#microbiology #pathology
|
|
Fried Egg sign on Facial Blisters
|
Impetigo
NB may be either staph or strep! also note: while APSGN may follow strep impetigo, Rheumatic Fever will not! Rheumatic Fever ONLY assoc w/ throat infx |
#microbiology
|
|
Terbinafine mechanism of action
|
inhibition of squaline epoxidase necessary for ergosterol synthesis
|
#microbiology #pharmacology #antimicrobials
|
|
Anti-fungal: inhibits squalline epoxide
|
Terbinafine
prevents ergosterol synth |
#microbiology #pharmacology #antimicrobials
|
|
Gram + Catalase + Coagulase + Organism
|
Staph Aureus
also β hemolytic produces a yellow pigment |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram +
Catalase + Coagulase -- Novobiocin Sensitive Bacterium |
Staph epidermidis
1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 2. Catheter Related Infx 3. Prosthetic Joint Septic Arthritis Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram +
Catalase + Coagulase -- Novobiocin Resistant Bacterium |
Staph saprophyticus
UTI's in sexually active young women Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase + Organism
assoc. w/ UTI's in sexually active young women |
Staph saprophyticus
Coagulase Negative Novobiocin Resistant Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase + Organism
assoc. w/ Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis |
Staph epidermidis
Coagulase negative Novobiocin sensitive 1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 2. Catheter Related Infx 3. Prosthetic Joint Septic Arthritis Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase + Organism
assoc. w/ catheter related infx |
Staph epidermidis
Coagulase negative Novobiocin sensitive 1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 2. Catheter Related Infx 3. Prosthetic Joint Septic Arthritis Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase + Organism
assoc. w/ prosthetic joint septic arthritis |
Staph epidermidis
Coagulase negative Novobiocin sensitive 1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 2. Catheter Related Infx 3. Prosthetic Joint Septic Arthritis Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram + Catalase + β Hemolytic Organism
|
Staph aureus
Coagulase + produces a yellow pigment |
#microbiology
|
|
Staph epidermidis
|
Staph epidermidis
Gram + Catalase + Coagulase negative Novobiocin sensitive 1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis 2. Catheter Related Infx 3. Prosthetic Joint Septic Arthritis Coagulase Negative Staph part of normal flora Infx = special circumstances |
#microbiology
|
|
Staph saprophyticus
|
Gram + Catalase +
Coagulase Negative Novobiocin Resistant Assoc w/ UTI's in sexually active young women |
#microbiology
|
|
describe the pathogenesis of HBV assoc hepatocellular carcinoma
|
viral integration into host genome
viral protein HBx activates both synthesis of IGF-II and IGF-I-R |
#pathology #neoplasia #microbiology
|
|
Moldy Grain mutates p53 causes
|
Aflotoxin G to T mutation causes Hepatocellular Carcinoma
|
#neoplasia #microbiology #pathology
|
|
Subacute Sclerosing Panecephalitis
|
Complication of Measles which lacks the M protein
No protein, no good antigen for clearing cough coryza conjunctivitis koplic's spots |
#microbiology
|
|
Calymmatobacterium inguinal
|
donovanosis
unTx → elephantiasis papule → ulcer → soft exophytic w/ indurated boarders |
#microbiology
|
|
Genital papule ulcerates and produces grey-yellow exudate
|
H ducreyi
regional LN's swell and may become chronic ulcers themselves |
#microbiology
|
|
Lac Operon
|
i is a regulatory region
p is a promotor o is the operator z y and are fnx genes Glucose decreases adenylyl cyclase ↓ glucose → ↑ cAMP cAMP binds CAP Catabolite Activator Protein cAMP-CAP complex binds to upstream promtor region and increases lac operon expression i is upstream of everything and encodes a repressor protein which will bind to o and prevent RNApol from passing O o is upstrem of z, y & a lactose will bind the repressor and prevent it from binding o z codes for βgalactosidase (hydrolysis of lactose) y gene for permease (lets lactose in) a for βgalactoside transacetylase, unecessary for metzm this arrangement is "polycistronic" one mRNA for several proteins |
#genetics #microbiology
|
|
Myocardial Granulomas
|
Aschoff bodies indicative of acute rheumatic carditis
plump M∅ w/ abundant cytoplasm and slender ribbons of chromatin = Anitschkow Cells (within Aschoff bodies) |
#cardiovascular #pathology #microbiology #rheumatology
|
|
What is the most common cause of Native Valve Bacterial Endocarditis
|
Mitral valve prolapse
rheumatic dz less common |
#microbiology #pathology
|
|
Encapsulated Bacterial Organisms
|
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus H influenzi S typhi Group B Strep agalactae |
#microbiology #agents
|
|
Vi antigen
|
virulence angiten of salmonell the capsule which protects it from opsonization
|
#microbiology
|
|
Cancer 2° to EBV
|
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma esp in China & Africa Burkitt's Lymphoma in Africa & new Guinea |
#pathology #neoplasia #microbiology
|
|
DOC: catheter endocarditis
|
Staph epidermidis
Gram + Catalase + Coagulase Neg Novobiocin Sensitive Usually MRSE start with Vancomycin |
#microbiology #pathology #cardiovascular #pharmacology #antimicrobials
|
|
Naked Viral RNA can be processed by human Ribosomes
|
must be single stranded and positive sense
|
#microbiology #molecules
|
|
Satellite Phenomenon on Sheep Plate
|
Blood Agar Plate
Beta hemolytic organism like Staph aureus allows permissive growth of H influenzae which needs NAD+ & Hementin from blood |
#microbiology
|
|
Killed vaccines generate what kind of response and why?
|
humoral response instead of T cell response because they can't actually infect cells, so they never get expressed on MHC I so they never induce mCD8T's
|
#microbiology #immunology
|
|
Most likely organisms within hair follicles
|
Follicullitis: S aureus & P aeruginosa
Furuncles/Carbuncles: S aureus |
#microbiology #skin
|
|
Which part of HAART is responsible for the cushing-like presentation?
|
Protease inhibitors
-navirs lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, and p450 inhibition |
#microbiology #pharmacology #antimicrobials #toxicities
|
|
Killed bacterial vaccines
|
Cholera
Anthrax Pertussis Plague |
#microbiology #immunology
|
|
Live attenuated bacterial vaccines
|
BCG: tuberculosis
thyphoid vaccine Tularemia |
#microbiology #immunology
|
|
Capsular polysaccharide vaccines
|
Pneumococcus
Hib Meningococcus |
#microbiology #immunology
|
|
Cord factor
|
mycoside: 2 mycolic acids molecules bound via disaccharide [trehalose]
Virulence factor of mycobacteria, mycobacteria which do not have cord factor are not infectious allows Mtb to grow in thick serpeinte cords, inactivates PMN,s damages mitochondria and induces TNF prodxn |
#microbiology
|
|
sulfatides
|
virulence factor of Mtb prevent fusion of lysosomes to phagosomes
|
#microbiology
|
|
What Rx must be taken to eliminate the hepatic stages of malaria
|
primaquin
|
#microbiology #antimicrobials #pharmacology
|
|
1° mtb infx
|
Gohn focus: fibrotic focus in lower lobe of lung
Ispilateral hilar adenopathy (w/ calcification) Gohn complex = both of those aspiration of <2mm droplets → M∅ phagocytosis → intracellular proliferation → lymphatic cirulation → dissemination |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
|
Gohn Focus vs Gohn Complex
|
Gohn focus: fibrotic focus in lower lobe of lung
Ispilateral hilar adenopathy (w/ calcification) Gohn complex = both of those aspiration of <2mm droplets → M∅ phagocytosis → intracellular proliferation → lymphatic cirulation → dissemination |
#microbiology #pulmonology
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HIV proteins
|
env: gp160
cleaved into gp120 & gp41 gp120: attachment to T cell gp41: fusion & entry gag (p24) capsid protein pol: reverse transcriptase |
#microbiology
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Hib Vaccine
|
polyribosysl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) - polysaccharide conjugated with protein toxoid from either diphtheria or tetanus
this allows for T cell processing and the production of memory humoral immunity in children under age 18 mo may be given as early as 2 mo |
#immunology
#microbiology |
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Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae
|
unencapsulated
commensural |
#immunology
#microbiology |
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Most common bacterial causes of acute otitis media, sinusitis and bacterial conjunctivitis
|
1. Pneumococcus
2. Non-typable Hib 3. Moraxella catarrhalis in that order for ALL infections |
#microbiology
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PRP polysaccharide
|
capsular antigen of Hib
polyribosysl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP) - polysaccharide conjugated with protein toxoid from either diphtheria or tetanus this allows for T cell processing and the production of memory humoral immunity in children under age 18 mo may be given as early as 2 mo |
#microbiology
#immunology |
|
Clostridium difficile
Agent, Toxin, Mechanism, Manifestation |
toxin A: enterotoxin
mechanism: PMN chemoattractant → cytokine release → mucosal inflam & fluid loss toxin B: cytotoxin mechanism: depolymerizes actin filaments result: mucosal cell death → bowel wall necrosis & pseudomembrane formation |
#microbiology #toxins
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Toxin which depolymerizes actin filaments
|
Clostridium difficile toxin B: cytotoxin
mechanism: depolymerizes actin filaments result: mucosal cell death → bowel wall necrosis & pseudomembrane formation [toxin A: enterotoxin mechanism: PMN chemoattractant → cytokine release → mucosal inflam & fluid loss] |
#microbiology #toxins
|
|
Toxin which attracts PMNs
|
Clostridium difficile toxin A: enterotoxin
mechanism: PMN chemoattractant → cytokine release → mucosal inflam & fluid loss [toxin B: cytotoxin mechanism: depolymerizes actin filaments result: mucosal cell death → bowel wall necrosis & pseudomembrane formation] |
#microbiology
#toxins |
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What normally protects against C. dif?
|
intestinal biomass
|
#microbiology
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Zoonotic Dysentery
|
Campylobacter
Gram negative rod with filament which allows it to move in corkscrew watery diarrhea which becomes dysenteric fecal-oral from 1. domestic animals 2. contaminated/undercooked/unpasturized food Most common infectious agent assoc. with Guillaine-Barre |
#microbiology
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Most common infectious agent assoc. with Guillaine-Barre
|
Campylobacter
Gram negative rod with filament which allows it to move in corkscrew watery diarrhea which becomes dysenteric fecal-oral from 1. domestic animals 2. contaminated/undercooked/unpasturized food Most common infectious agent assoc. with Guillaine-Barre |
#microbiology
|
|
Campylobacter
|
Campylobacter
Gram negative rod with filament which allows it to move in corkscrew watery diarrhea which becomes dysenteric fecal-oral from 1. domestic animals 2. contaminated/undercooked/unpasturized food Most common infectious agent assoc. with Guillaine-Barre |
#microbiology
|
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PABA
|
para-aminobenzoic acid
folic precursor in prokaryiotes sulfas are PABA analogues humans lack abilityt o convert PABA to folic acid, thus require folate |
#microbiology
#pharmacology #antibiotics #biochemistry #molecules |
|
What is the HBVsAg
|
22 nn glycoprotein componenet of the envelope
NB: not the nucleocapsid |
#microbiology #virology
|
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Neonate born to HepB+ mother
|
HBeAg presence in serum indicative of virulence
usually acquired through birth canal 25% transmission from HBeAg- moms almost 100% from HBeAg+ moms Viral replication proceeds at high rate and almost all progress to chronic hepatitis However, minimal changes in Liver because HepB not directly hepatotoxic and neonatal immune system not capable of responding |
#microbiology #virology
|
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Gram positive rods found in CSF tap
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
#microbiology #neurology
|
|
Gram negative rods found in CSF tap
|
E coli
|
#microbiology #neurology
|
|
Hypervariable Pili
|
Virulence factor of Neisserias
|
#microbiology
|
|
IgG binding outer membrane protein
|
protein A virulence factor of Staph aureus binds Fc region
|
#microbiology
|
|
Antiphagocytic acpsule
|
Pneumococcosu
H influenzae Neisseria |
#microbiology
|
|
late onset food poisoning
transient waterry diarrhea |
c perfringes
toxin formed after ingestion & germination of spores |
#microbiology #toxins
|
|
The only microbe which causes epiglottitis
|
Hib
|
#microbiology
|
|
Clue Cells
|
Gardenlla vaginalis
grey vaginal discharge c "fishy odor" Tx: metronidazole |
#microbiology #genitalia
|
|
grey vaginal discharge c "fishy odor"
|
Gardenlla vaginalis
Clue Cells tx: metronidazole |
#microbiology #genitalia
|
|
foamy yellow-green vaginal c foul smell
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
flagellated protozoan |
#microbiology #genitalia
|
|
purulent vaginal discharge
|
Gonorrhea or Chlamydia
|
#microbiology #genitalia
|
|
Sickle Celler Dies of Septic Shock
|
Pneumococcus or Hemophilus Influenzae
(no spleen, esp susceptible to encapsulated organisms) Salmonella important for osteomyelitis, not for septicemia |
#pathology #microbiology
|
|
Aseptic Meningitis in Children
|
Most commonly Enteroviruses:
Coxsackie virus, echovirus, poliovirus and enterovirus |
#microbiology #neurology
|
|
PMH: Blunt Trauma to Abdomen c Emergent Surgery presents with Bacteremia
|
Splenectomy
vulnerable to encapsulated organisms Pneumococcus Meningococcus H influenzae |
#microbiology #immunology
|
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Acute Infective Endocarditis
|
Staph aureus is most common cause
predisposed by undelrying host endotheial damage & fibrin/platelet deposition |
#microbiology #pathology #cardiovascular
|
|
Most common laboratory abnormality of Legionella pneumonia
|
hyponatremia
|
#microbiology
|
|
Gram positive rods found in CSF tap
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
Facultatively Intracellular β hemolytic gram potisive Tumbling Motility via "Actin Rockets" Opportunistic Infection of Neonates and Immunocomp --Septicemia or Meningitis Access via Contaminated/Unpasturized Food, for neonates transplacental or vaginally Uniquely able to grow at 4*C |
#microbiology
|
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
Facultatively Intracellular β hemolytic gram potisive Tumbling Motility via "Actin Rockets" Opportunistic Infection of Neonates and Immunocomp --Septicemia or Meningitis Access via Contaminated/Unpasturized Food, for neonates transplacental or vaginally Uniquely able to grow at 4*C |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram Positive Rod with Tumbling Motility
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
Facultatively Intracellular β hemolytic gram positive Tumbling Motility via "Actin Rockets" Opportunistic Infection of Neonates and Immunocomp --Septicemia or Meningitis Access via Contaminated/Unpasturized Food, for neonates transplacental or vaginally Uniquely able to grow at 4*C |
#microbiology
|
|
Gram Positive Rod Grows in Refridgerator
|
Listeria Monocytogenes
Facultatively Intracellular Tumbling Motility via "Actin Rockets" Opportunistic Infection of Neonates and Immunocomp --Septicemia or Meningitis Access via Contaminated/Unpasturized Food, for neonates transplacental or vaginally Uniquely able to grow at 4*C |
#microbiology
|
|
Lecithinase
Agent, Mechanism |
aka Phospholipase C aka α toxin
Produced by C perf |
#microbiology #toxins
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
neurologic sequelae |
trypanosome (parasite) carried by Reduviid "Kissing" bug which lives in the walls of rural huts
destroys myenteric plexus & causes PSNS denervation |
#microbiology
|
|
CXR: pulmonary infiltrates far worse than expected from clincial presentation
|
M pneumoniae "walking pneumonia"
|
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
|
Cystic Fibrosis vs. SCID
|
CF presents with recurrent infx (strep, Hib, Morax), but not opportunistic pathogens (fungi, pneumocysticis)
|
#pathology #microbiology
|
|
What kind of vaccine is the rabies vaccine?
|
Killed
|
#microbiology
|
|
URI's s Croup
Causes by Freq |
1. Rhinovirus
2. Influenza 3. Coronavirus 4. Adeno etc |
#microbiology #pulmonology
|
|
DOC: Meningococcal Prophylaxis
|
Rifampin
NB: orange secretions & ↑ p450 |
#pharmacology #chemotheraputics #microbiology
|