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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Body fluids are defined by what? |
(i) Volume (ii) Distribution (iii) Characteristics (iv) Functions |
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The most abundant body fluid is WATER What is the variation % of the portion of water in one body? |
45%-75%
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What is BODY WATER? |
BODY WATER = water content of an animal body = is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere. = This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. |
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How much is the BODY WATER compared to BODY MASS? |
---Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass--- => The heavier the person is, the more body water he has |
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The water content is really SIGNIFICANT from Thin person to Fat person (45% vs 75%). Is the water content computed (calculated) by LEAN BODY MASS only (EXCLUDING the fat)? |
NO! If the water content is computed as a fraction of LEAN BODY MASS (i.e., EXCLUDING the FAT), the differences between individuals become INSIGNIFICANT. |
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Which tissues have the SMALLEST proportion of water? |
* Bone * FAT |
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How much is the proportion of WATER in fat person vs thin person?
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*FAT person -> LESS water (til 45%)
*THIN person -> MORE water (til 75%) => The fatter the person is, the less water he has |
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Standard Values for Physiological Reference Individual - Each must make adjustments for what? |
variations in Body Water depend on: AGE GENDER WEIGHT ETHNIC ORIGIN |
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Body water as % of body mass between WOMEN and MEN: who has MORE DECREASE of body water?
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Women
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We use "Standard Values for Physiological Reference Individual" (% Water) (r) to calculate the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF WATER (V). Give an example |
w: weight (kg) V = r * w |
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What does we use the ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF WATER for? |
Calculate the constant of medication |
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How is the BODY WATER Volume under conditions of health? |
It remains CONSTANT |
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How many types of INTAKE of body water there is? |
3 |
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Eg of "Oxidative waterfrom metabolism" |
. |
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Lose of water - How many ways we can lose water and the organs responsible for it?
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2 ways
Organs: - Lungs - Skin - Kidneys |
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What is the MAJOR HOMEOSTATIC ORGAN and why? |
KIDNEYS - since it takes part in both OBLIGATORY and FACULTATIVE losses |
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OBLIGATORY and FACULTATIVE losses - How is one different to the other? |
Facultative losses VARY WITH INTAKE |
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How an individual is in WATER BALANCE? |
Intake = Output |
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Lose of water - CHILDREN vs ADULT - characteristics
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Children lose MORE water in a SHORTER period than men
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What is a NEGATIVE water balance? |
. |
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INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION vs SWEATING - What are there sources? |
INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION= natural SWEATING = from hard work |
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What is WATER INTOXICATION? |
. |
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What is the true Milieu Interieur? |
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
It is the fluid which percolates between individual cells |
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How many compartments does BODY WATER has? |
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What is the DYNAMIC STEADY STATE of the Body water? |
Body water helps the INTERACTION between: * The body <-with-> EXTERNAL environment * Compartments (in the INTERNAL environment) |
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What is the DYNAMIC fashion (DYNAMIC STEADY STATE) for the compartments/ sub compartments' interaction? |
with WATER exchanging freely between them. |
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What is ICF? |
ICF = Intracellular Fluid (a Body water compartment) |
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What is ECF? |
ECF = Extracellular Fluid (a Body water compartment) |
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While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the ICF compared to BODY MASS |
= 40% of Body Mass |
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While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the ECF compared to BODY MASS |
= 20% of Body Mass |
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Give an example between the weight and % of ECF, ICF in the body |
. |
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Name the 4 subcompartmts of ECF |
cmap |
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What is PLASMA? |
Plasma is the fluid medium, in which blood cells are suspended. |
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What is HEMATOCRIT (Ht)? |
Hematocrit = that percentage of Blood Volume that is occupied by Red Blood Cells
Ht= Packed Cell Volume (PCV) |
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What does HEMATOCRIT represent? What is it normal value? |
. |
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What are the 2 MAJOR SUBCOMPARTMENT of Body Water? Give and eg of the % of ECF & ICF |
- Interstitial Fluid - Plasma
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While Total Body Water = 60% of Body Mass, how much is the INTERSTITIAL FLUID (ISF) compared to BODY MASS. Give an eg |
15% (I think) |
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Link between lymph and ISF
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lymph = drainage of ISF
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Lymph volumn compared to ECF
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Lymph =~ 1-2% ECF
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What is a LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? |
(image)
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Final location of Lymphatic system?
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large veins in the chest |
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Transcellular fluid definition |
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Transcellular fluid volumn compared to ECF
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Transcellular fluid < ~ 1-2% ECF (while Lymph = ~ 1-2% ECF) |
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What is the Relative Distribution between Compartments & Subcompartments of Body Water? |
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Example of the Relative Distribution between Compartments & Subcompartments of Body Water |
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BODY FLUIDS (including Body water) - Total Volume remain CONSTANT. T or F? |
T! |
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BODY FLUIDS (including Body water) -Compartments are in a state of DYNAMIC Equilibrum T or F?
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T! |
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Where is the capillary wall? |
Between ISF and Plasma
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Where is the cell membrane? |
Between ICF and ECF
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Methods to Determine Compartment Volumes - HOW MANY methods there are? |
2 methods - Direct - Indirect |
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What do you need to know to determine the volume of the compartment (V)? |
All one needs to know: (1) The total quantity of test substance introduced (Q) (2) The concentration of the substance/unit volume of fluid, after dispersion (c) |
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What is it called (the way to determine a compartment V) and its equation? |
INDICATOR DILUTION METHOD V = Q/c |
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What is the normal V of Body Water? |
42 L |
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What is the indicator choice for solute used in the INDICATOR DILUTION METHOD? |
* Non-toxic * Diffuse readily * Distribute throughout compartment to be measured * Induce NO CHANGE in water distribution * Easy to measure |
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Which indicators we use used for the ECF in the Indicator Dilution Method? |
(image)
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What is the normal value of ECF? |
~ 14 L |
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Which indicators we use used for the ICF in the Indicator dilution Method? |
(image)
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Which indicators we use used for the plasma in the Indicator dilution Method? |
* Evans' Blue (T1824) * I131-Albumin |
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What is the normal value of plasma? |
~ 3.5 L |
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After calculating the voume of ICF and ECF, what is the volume of total body water Vw? |
Vw = ECF + ICF |
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At the final result of Body Water, we have to make correction for what? |
For any amount which has been removed from body by metabolism or excretion during the mixing time |
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Give equations to calculate V of each compartment of Body Water |
(image for the comparmt of BW) Vw = ICF + ECF ICF= Vw - ECF ECT - Plasma = ISF |
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Give the examples of normal value of ICF and ISF from the previous values mentioned for other compartments |
(image)
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UNIT OF CONCENTRATION in a solution (very important!) - It is characterized by what? |
1. AMOUNT (MASS) of the solute the solution contains 2. NUMBER OF SOLUTE MOLECULES of the solute the solution contains 3. NUMBER OF REACTIVE UNITS (number of charges/ unit volume) of the solute the solution contains |
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Example of AMOUNT (MASS) |
e.g., 1g% = 1g solute in 1dl of water 1g NaCl in 100 ml water = 1% solution of NaCl 10g sucrose in 100 ml water = 10% solution of sucrose |
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Example of NUMBER OF SOLUTE MOLECULES of the solute the solution contains |
. |
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Example of NUMBER OF REACTIVE UNITS (number of charges/ unit volume) of the solute the solution contains |
. |