Bone Tissue

Composed of bones, cartilages and ligaments joined tightly to form a strong flexible framework for the body

Six roles of the skeleton

A connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened by the deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals

The hardening process of bones

The outer shell of a bone, made of dense white osseous tissue

Contains bone marrow

Loosely organized form of osseous tissue

The shaft if a long bone

The expanded head at each end of a long bone

The hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surface where one bone meets another

Minute holes where blood vessels penetrate through

Covers the exterior of the bone. Has a tough outer fiberous layer of collagen and an inner osteogenic layer of bone forming cells

A thin layer of reticular connective tissue lines the internal marrow cavities covers all the honeycomb surfaces of spongy bone and lines a canal system found throughout the compact bone

The spongy layer in the cranium sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Four types of bone cells

Stem cells that develop from embryonic mesenchyme and then give rise to most other bone types they occur in the endosteum and inner layer of the periosteum they multiply continuously and some go on to become the osteoblasts

Bone forming cells resemble a cuboidal epithelium are non mitotic and can only be generated by mitosis and differentiation of osteogenic cells

A hormone secreted by osteoblasts previously thought to be only a structural protein of bone. Osteocalcin stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas increases insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and limits the growth of adipose tissue

Former osteoblasts that have become trapped in The Matrix they developed they reside in tiny cavities called lacunae which are interconnected by slender channels called canaliculi.

Tiny cavities where osteocytes reside

Bone dissolving cells on the bone surface they develop from the same bone marrow stem cells that give rise to blood cells. Thus, osteogenic cells, osteoblast, and osteocytes all belong to one cell lineage but osteoclast have an independent origin

A combination of two basic Structural Materials

Layers of Matrix concentrically arranged around a central canal and connected with each other by canaliculi

Haversian canal

Spongy bone consists of a lattice of delicate slivers called

A general term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone the spaces a med the trabeculae of spongy bone and the larger Central canals. There are two types of Morrow - red and yellow marrow

Also described is hemopoietic tissue that produces blood cells. In a child the marrow cavity of nearly every bone is filled with this marrow

No longer produces blood although in the event of severe or chronic anemia it can transform back into red marrowand resume hemopoietic function

The formation of Bones