Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anther
|
The portion of the stamen which is the site of microsporogenesis and
microgametogenesis. |
|
Antipodal Cells
|
The three cells of the megagametophyte towards the chalazal end of the ovule.
|
|
Basal Cell
|
The large cell at the base of a developing embryo.
|
|
Carpel
|
The female reproductive part of the flower, composed of a stigma, style and ovary. Collectively, carpels make up the Gynoecium
|
|
Central Cell
|
The cell of the megagametophyte which contains two nuclei. Following double
fertilization, the central cell will divide and give rise to the endosperm |
|
Coleoptile
|
The sheath of tissue surrounding the epicotyl of monocot embryos.
|
|
Coleorhiza
|
the sheath of tissue surrounding the radicle of monocot embryos.
|
|
Cotyledons
|
The “seed leaves” of seed plants, formed during embryo development, they either
absorb (monocots) or provide nutrients (dicots) for the embryo during early growth following seed germination. |
|
Double Fertilization
|
The type of fertilization in Angiosperms, where one sperm cell fertilizes
the egg, while a second fuses with the nuclei of the central cell to form endosperm. |
|
Endosperm
|
The triploid nutritive tissue formed during double fertilization within the ovule.
Provides nutrients for the developing embryo. |
|
Epicotyl
|
The embryonic shoot.
|
|
Filament
|
The stalk to which the anthers are attached, making up a stamen.
|
|
Funiculus
|
The strand of tissue that connects the ovule to the placenta (ovary wall).
|
|
Generative Cell
|
The cell within the microgametophyte which divides to form two sperm cells.
|
|
Hypocotyl
|
The region between the epicotyl and the radicle; an intermediate zone where the differing vascular anatomies of the shoot and root connect.
|
|
Integument
|
the layers of tissue surrounding the nucellus in the ovule. Angiosperms have two integuments in each ovule.
|
|
Locule
|
A chamber; can refer to the chamber within an ovary which contains ovules, or the chamber within an anther sac which contains developing pollen.
|
|
Megagametogenesis
|
The development of the megagametophyte from a megaspore
|
|
Megaspore
|
The spore which develops into the megagametophyte
|
|
Megasporocyte
|
The diploid cell which divides meiotically to form megaspores
|
|
Megasporogenesis
|
The process by which a megasporocyte undergoes meiosis to form 4
megaspore nuclei, three of which disintegrate, leaving a single megaspore. |
|
Microgametogenesis
|
The development of the microgametophyte from a microspore.
|
|
Micropyle
|
The opening in the integuments of an ovule, through which the sperm enter for Fertilization
|
|
Microspore
|
The spore which develops into the microgametophyte.
|
|
Microsporocyte
|
The diploid cell which divides meiotically to form microspores
|
|
Microsporogenesis
|
The process by which a microsporocyte undergoes meiosis to form 4 microspores.
|
|
Nucellus
|
The structure within the ovule, surrounded by two integuments which contains the megasporocyte, and ultimately, the megagametophyte An integumented
megasporangium. |
|
Ovary
|
The Portion of the Carpel that contains the ovules. Ovaries ultimately develop into fruit.
|
|
Ovule
|
The structure within the ovary in which the megagametophyte develops; a nucellus surrounded by two integuments.
|
|
Placenta
|
The portion of ovary wall to which ovules attach
|
|
Polar nuclei
|
The two nuclei found within the central cell
|
|
Pollen grain
|
The microgametophyte of Angiosperms, sometimes refers to the microspore.
|
|
Pollen Tube (cell)
|
The cell of the microgametophyte which grows within the carpel after pollination, carrying the sperm to the egg.
|
|
Radicle
|
The embryonic root
|
|
Root Apical Meristem (RAM)
|
The meristem which gives rise to the root.
|
|
Scutellum
|
The cotyledon of monocots, an absorptive structure for the developing embryo.
|
|
Shoot Apical Meristem
|
the meristem which gives rise to the shoot; has two regions, the Tunica and Corpus.
|
|
Stigma
|
The tip of the Carpel, on which pollen grains land .
|
|
Style
|
The portion of the carpel between the stigma and the ovary.
|
|
Suspensors
|
the filament of tissue to which the proembryonic initials are attached in a
developing embryo. Suspends the embryo within the endosperm. |
|
Synergids
|
The two cells on the micropylar end of the megagametophyte involved in sperm recognition before fertilization.
|
|
Abaxial
|
Directed away from an axis (the lower surface of a leaf).
|
|
Adaxial
|
Directed toward an axis (the upper surface of a leaf). Opposite of abaxial
|
|
Endarch
|
The direction of xylem maturation in shoots of seed plants, where the direction of
maturation is from the inner portion of the stem (protoxylem) to the outside (metaxylem). |
|
Endogenous Growth
|
Growth originating from deep-seated tissues (Ex. Lateral root growth).
|
|
Exarch
|
The direction of xylem maturation in roots of seed plants, where the direction of
maturation is from the outer portion of the root (protoxylem) to the inside (metaxylem). |
|
Exogenous Growth
|
Growth originating from superficial tissues (Ex. Lateral shoot growth).
|
|
Ground Meristem
|
Meristematic tissue which gives rise to ground tissues, pith and cortex
|
|
Internode
|
Portion of the stem between nodes.
|
|
Marginal meristem
|
In leaves, the meristem along the margin of the leaf primordium,
Resulting in the growth of the leaf blade. |
|
Metaxylem
|
Primary xylem elements which mature after elongation has ceased; often having
thick, complex secondary wall thickenings, when compared to protoxylem. |
|
Node
|
The portion of the stem to which leaves are attached.
|
|
Primary Growth
|
Growth resulting from apical meristems resulting in increase in length of the
plant body |
|
Protoderm
|
The meristematic tissue which gives rise to epidermis.
|
|
Protoxylem
|
Early maturing xylem- matures when the axis is still elongating. There are two
forms, with either spiral or annular secondary wall thickenings, which allow it to elongate with surrounding tissues, unlike metaxylem. |
|
Procambium
|
The meristematic tissue which gives rise to primary
xylem and phloem. |
|
Parenchyma
|
Cells which usually have only thin primary cell walls; typically living at
maturity. The cells which make up the majority of the cortex and pith are parenchyma. |
|
Collenchyma
|
Cells which have thickened primary cell walls, can be either living or dead at maturity. Fibers can be made of collenchyma. Sieve elements in Phloem are also considered to be collenchyma.
|
|
Sclerenchyma
|
Cells which have thickened secondary walls, and are typically dead at
maturity. Fibers can be scelerenchyma cells, as well as the conducting cells of the xylem, tracheids and vessel members. Anticlinal- Orientation of a cell wall or plane of cell division perpendicular to the nearest surface. |
|
Cork Cambium
|
See phellogen.
|
|
Fascicular Cambium
|
Lateral meristem originating from procambial cells in a vascular bundle.
Produces derivatives which mature into secondary xylem and phloem. Eventually fascicular cambia unite to form the Vascular Cambium. |
|
Interfascicular Cambium
fascicular cambia join to form the Vascular Cambium |
Lateral meristem originating from ground tissue between vascular bundles. Produces secondary ground tissue. Keeps stem intact until
|
|
Periclinal
|
Orientation of a cell wall or plane of cell division parallel to the nearest
Surface. |
|
Phellogen
|
Lateral meristem which produces Phellem (Bark) and Phelloderm. Also referred to as the Cork cambium.
|
|
Vascular Cambium
|
Lateral meristem which produces secondary xylem and phloem.
|
|
Stamen
|
The male reproductive part of the flower; collectively, the stamens make up the Androecium.
|
|
Phellem
|
Secondary protective tissue produced by the Phellogen, known as Bark. Matures to the outside of the phellogen.
|
|
Phelloderm
|
Secondary tissue produced by the phellogen in limited quantities. Matures to the
inside of the phellogen. |