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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Afferent |
Conducting toward a central nervous system structure. |
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Alzheimer's disease |
Degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia
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autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
Part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands.
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basal ganglia |
Subcoritcal forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connected to the thalamus and to the midbrain
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brainstem |
Centralstructures of the brain, including the hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus, that are responsible for most unconscious behaviour.
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cerebral cortex |
Thin, healvily folded film of nerve tissue composed of neurons that is the outer layer of the forebrain. Also called neocrotex.
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cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
Clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circultes around the brain and psinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space.
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corpus callosum |
Band of white matter containing about 200 million nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them,
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cranial nerve |
One of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor fucntions of the head, neck, and internal organs.
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cytoarchitectonic map |
Map of the neocortex based on the organization, structure, and distribution of the cells.
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dermatome |
Body segment corresponding to a segment of the spinal cord.
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diencephalon |
The "between brain" that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerbral cortex.
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efferent |
Conducting away from a central nervous system structure.
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excitation |
Increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area.
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forebrain |
Evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and language; contatins the limbic system, basal ganglia, and the neocrotex.
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frontal lobe |
Part of the cerebral cortex often generally characterized as perfomring the brain's 'executive' functions, such as decision making; lies anterior to the central sulcus and beneath the frontal bone of the skill
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gray matter |
areas of the nervous system composed predominately of cell bodies and capillary blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity. |
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gyrus (pl. gyri) |
A small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex.
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hindbrain |
Evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains the pons, medulla, reticular formation, and cerbellum, structures that coordinate and control most voluntary and involuntary movements.
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hypothalamus |
Diencephalon structure that contains many nuclei associated with temperature regualation, eating, drinking, ans seuxal behaviour.
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inhibition |
Decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area.
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law of Bell and Magendie |
THe general principle that snsory fibers are located dorsally and motor fibers are located ventrally.
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limbic system |
Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviours and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, among other structures. |
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meninges |
Three layers of protective tissue- dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater - that encase the brain and spinal cord.
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midbrain |
Central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements.
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neocortex |
Newest , outer layer of the forebrain, composed of about six layers of gray matter; creates our reality
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nerve |
Large collection of axons coursing together outside the central nervous system.
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neuroplasticity |
The nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptiablity to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury.
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nucleus |
A group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping.
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occipital lobe |
Part of the cerebral cortex where visual processing begins; lies at the back of the brain and beneath the occipital bone. |
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orienting movement |
Movement related to sensory inputs, such as turning the head to see the source of a sound.
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parasympathetic division |
Part of the autonomic nervous system, acts in opposition to the sympathetic division - for example, preparing the body to rest and digest by reversing the alarm response or stimulating digestion.
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parietal lobe |
Part of the cerbral cortex that fucntions to direct movements toward a goal or to perform a task, such as grapsing an object; lies postieriro to the conetral sulcus and beneath the parietal bone at the top of the skull.
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Parkinson's disease |
Disorder of the motor system correlated with loss of dompaine to the brain and characterized by tremors, muscular rigitity, and a reduction in voluntary movement.
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phenotypic plasticity |
An individuals capaticy to develop into more than one phenotype.
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reticular formation |
Midbrain area in which nuclie and fiber pathways are mixed, producint a netlike appearance; associated with sleep-wake behaviour and bheavioural arousal.
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somatic nervous system (SNS) |
Part of the PSN that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from the muscles, joints and skin that produce movement, transmit incoming snesory input, and inform the CNS about the position and movement of body parts.
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stroke |
Sudden appearance of neurological symptoms as a result of severely interrupted blood flow.
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sulcus (pl. sulci) |
A groove in brain matter, usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellu,. |
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sympathetic division |
Part of the autonomic nervous system; arouses the body for action, such as mediating the involuntary fight or flight response to alarm by increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
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tectum |
Roof (area above the ventricle) of the midbrain; its functions are sneosry processing, particualry visual and auditory, and the production of orienting movements.
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tegmentum |
Floor (area below the ventricle) of the midbrain; a collection of nuclei wihth movment related, species specific, and pain-perception functions
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temporal lobe |
Part of the cerebral cortex that functions in connections with hearing, language, and musical abilities; lies below the lateral fissure, beneath the temporal bone at the side of the skull. |
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thalamus |
Diencephalon structure through which information from all snesory systems is integrated and porjected into the appropriate region of the neocortex.
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Tourette's syndrome |
Disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics, involuntary cocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds), and odd, involuntary movments of the body, especially of the face and head.
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tract |
Large collection of axons coursing together within the cnetral nervous system.
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ventricle |
One of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism.
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vertebrae (sing. vertebra) |
The bones that form the spinal column.
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white matter |
Areas of the nervous sytem rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connections between brain cells.
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