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349 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
clavicle articulates with the sternum at the _____ joint and with the acromion of the scapula at the ____ joint
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sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular
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last bone to complete ossification (at about age 21 years)
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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only long bone to be ossified intramembranously
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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medial/lateral: weakest point of clavicle
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lateral
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fall on the shoulder or outstretched hand or breech birth tend to cause a fractured _____ bone
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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fatal hemorrhage from the subclavian vein, pulmonary embolism, & paresthesia of medial brachial and antebrachial region) supplied by spinal cord segments C8 and T1 all occur with a fractured _____ bone
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Clavicle (collarbone)
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___ part of scapula that divides the dorsal surface of the scapula into the upper supraspinous and lower infraspinous fossae
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Spine of the scapula
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an origin for the deltoid and an insertion for the trapezius
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Spine of the scapula/Acromion
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lateral end of the spine of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle
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Acromion
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Coracoid process: origin of ___&___ muscles; insertion of ___ muscle
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coracobrachialis, biceps brachii; pectoralis minor
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suprascapular nerve runs through the ___ (scapular structure) and is covered by ___ ligament
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Scapular notch, superior transverse scapular ligament
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supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle dysfunction can be caused by ___ of the superior transverse scapular ligament
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calcification
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three ligaments of the coracoid process: ___ , ___ & ____
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coracoclavicular, coracohumeral, and coracoacromial ligaments
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origin for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii is: ___
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Supraglenoid tubercle
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origin for the tendon of the short heads of the biceps brachii is: ___
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coracoid process
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origin for the tendon of the triceps brachii is: ___
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infraglenoid tubercle
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___ articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint
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head of the humerous
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anatomical neck (not surgical neck) of the humerus is for attachment of what?
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attachment of the fibrous joint capsule
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Greater tubercle provides attachment point for ___, ___, and ___ muscles.
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles attach to humerus: ventrally/dorsally
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dorsally
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the lesser tubercle of humerus provides insertional attachment for ___ muscle
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Subscapular
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Lies between the greater and lesser humeral tubercles, lodges the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii: ___
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Intertubercular (bicipital) groove
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the transverse humeral ligament restrains ___ in the ___ groove
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tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii, intertubercular (bicipital) groove
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V-shaped roughened area on the lateral aspect of the humerus, midshaft is: ___
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Deltoid tuberosity
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the humeral ________ contains the radial nerve and deep brachial artery; it is bordered laterally by the lateral head of the triceps and medially by the medial head of the triceps
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spiral groove
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Fracture of the humeral shaft tends to damage ___ nerve and ___ artery
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radial nerve and deep brachial artery
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Supracondylar fracture is common in ___ demographic, tends to damage ___ nerve
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youth, median nerve
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Fracture of the medial epicondyle tends to damage ___ nerve
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ulnar nerve
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medial distal articular surface of the humerus is called the ___, it articulates with the ___ bone
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trochlea, ulna (trochlear notch)
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lateral articular surface of the humerus is called the ___, it articulates with the ___ bone
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capitulum, head of the radius
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posterior/anterior: Olecranon fossa
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posterior
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posterior/anterior: coronoid fossa
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anterior
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coronoid process is part of ___ bone
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ulna
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olecranon is part of ___ bone
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ulna
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posterior/anterior: radial fossa
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anterior
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radial fossa houses what?
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head of the radius during full flexion of the elbow joint
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___ provides origin to supinator and extensor muscles of forearm
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lateral epicondyle
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_____ provides origin to pronator teres and common tendon of the forearm flexor muscles; also has groove on the back for the ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery
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medial epicondyle
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ulna/radius: longer
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ulna
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ulna/radius: more lateral in anatomical position
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radius
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Colles' fracture is of ___ bone
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radius
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lateral/medial: Styloid process of Radius [it's an insertion point for ___ muscle]
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lateral, Brachioradialis
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What's a Smith's fracture?
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a reverse Colles' fracture where the distal radial fragment is displaced anteriorly instead of posteriorly
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Colles' fractures is of the wrist involve:
1. radial/ulnar: nerve 2. posteriorly/anteriorly: displaced fragment leading to “dinner (silver) fork deformity” |
radial, posteriorly
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insertion site for the triceps brachii tendon is ___
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olecranon
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ulna/radius/humerus: trochlear notch
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ulna
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insertion sites for the brachialis muscle ___ & ___
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Coronoid process, Ulnar tuberosity
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Ulnar tuberosity/Radial tuberosity: more distal
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radial tuberosity
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Radial tuberosity is an insertion site for the ___
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biceps brachii tendon
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distal/proximal: “Head” of radius
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proximal
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distal/proximal: “Head” of ulna
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distal
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name the carpal bones [proximal row (4) then distal row (4) (lateral-to-medial)]
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Scaphoid
Lunate Triquetrium Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capate Hamate "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle" -wikipedia/House |
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Which carpal bones articulate with the radius?
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Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium
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Which carpal bones articulate with the ulna?
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none
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___ is a sesamoid bone of the hand
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Pisiform
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the pisiform is contained in the ___ tendon
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flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
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Fracture of the scaphoid may damage the ___ artery and cause ___ damage to the bone
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radial, avascular necrosis
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Fracture of the hamate may injure the ___ nerve and artery
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ulnar
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Bennett's fracture: is a fracture of the ____________
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base of the metacarpal of the thumb
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Boxer's fracture: is a fracture of the necks of the ____ metacarpals
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second, third, fifth
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pain, numbness, and tingling in the ring and little finger, followed eventually by loss of sensation and motor weakness is ___ syndrome
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Guyon's canal syndrome
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Guyon's canal (ulnar tunnel) is formed by ___ ligament between which two bones?
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pisohamate ligament; hamate and pisiform bones
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Guyon's canal (ulnar tunnel) transmits what?
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the ulnar nerve and artery (the nerve is divided into superficial and deep branches)
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head/base: form distal metacarpals
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head
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fingers have ___(#) phalanges each and thumbs ___(#) phalanges
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3, 2
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"shoulder separation” from a fall on the outstretched arm indicates a separation of ___ joint and rupture of the ___ ligament
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acromioclavicular joint, coracoclavicular [shoulder is separated from the clavicle]
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The glenohumeral joint is ___ type of joint, where the articular surface is covered by ____ cartilage
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ball-and-socket joint, hyaline cartilage
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Subacromial/subdeltoid/subscapular bursae: continuous with the glenohumeral joint capsule
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subscapular
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T/F: glenohumeral joint innervated by many nerves
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T
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T/F: glenohumeral joint perfused by many arteries
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T
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Shoulder dislocations typically injure ____ nerve, and ____ vessels
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axillary nerve, humeral circumflex vessels (~posterior)
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anteriorly/posteriorly : direction that most dislocation (subluxation) of the shoulder joint
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Anteriorly
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Referred pain to the shoulder usually indicates involvement of the ____ nerve, why?_________
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phrenic, supraclavicular nerve (C3 & C4) supplying sensory fibers over the shoulder has the same origin as the phrenic nerve (C3-4-5 keep the diaphragm alive)
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Rotator (musculotendinous) cuff is formed by: _______
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supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and sub-scapularis
“SITS” |
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Rupture of rotator cuff leads to ___ pathologies
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degenerative inflammatory [subacromial bursitis and supraspinatus tendinitis]
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superior glenohumeral ligament exteneds to the ____, middle glenohumeral ligament ____, inferior glenohumeral ligament
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upper part of the lesser tubercle, anatomic neck of the humerus, lower part of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
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Transverse humeral ligament extends from ___ to ___
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lesser tubercle of humerus to greater tubercle of humerus
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Coracohumeral ligament extends from coracoid process of scaphoid to ___ of the humerus
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greater tubercle of humerus
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purpose of bursae around the shoulder?_____
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lubrication, padding
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Bursa that protects the supraspinatus tendon against friction with the acromion?___
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subacromial
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Bursa that facilitates the movement of the deltoid muscle over the joint capsule and the supraspinatus tendon?___
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subdeltoid
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humeroradial and humeroulnar joints are ___ type joints
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synovial hinge joint
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The common articular capsule of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints also includes a third joint within the capsule, the ____ joint
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proximal radioulnar (pivot) joint
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The elbow joint is reinforced with three ligaments: ___ forms a collar around the head of the radius, ___ extends from the lateral epicondyle, ___ extends from the medial epicondyle
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annular, radial collateral, ulnar collateral
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Proximal and distal radioulnar joints form ___ type joints, which allows ___ and ___ type movements
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synovial pivot, pronation and supination
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head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna at the ___ joint
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proximal radioulnar joints
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head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius at the ___ joint
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distal radioulnar joints
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Wrist (radiocarpal) joint capsule strengthened by___(4) ligaments:
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radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments
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Carpometacarpal joints: joint type ___
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synovial saddle (sellar) joints
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Metacarpophalangeal joints: joint type ___
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condyloid joints
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posterior middle forearm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C8
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lateral forearm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C8
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base of thumb & base of lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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radial nerve, C6-C8
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knuckles/tips of thumb and lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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median nerve, C6-C8
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Interphalangeal joints: joint type ___
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hinge joints
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shoulders (upper pectoral, deltoid, and outer trapezius): Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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supraclavicular, C3-C4
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lateral upper arm/~axilla: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C6
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medial middle upper arm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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medial brachial cutaneous nerve, C8-T1
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medial upper arm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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Intercostobrachial nerve, T12
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medial forearm anterior: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C8-T1
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*lateral palm to anterior tips of lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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median nerve, C6-C8
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medial 1.5 fingers (pinky) and ant./post. medial hand: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
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ulnar nerve, C8-T1
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lateral continuation of dorsal venous arch, vein ascends on the lateral arm and cuts medially between the pectoralis major and deltoid to connect with the axillary vein? ____
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cephalic vein
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connects the basilic vein with the cephalic vein: ____ vein
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median cubital vein
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posteromedial continuation of dorsal venous arch, vein ascends on the medial arm and joins the brachial vein and venae comitantes of the brachial artery, to form the axillary vein at the lower border of the teres major muscle: ___vein
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basilic vein
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fibrous covering that separates brachial artery from overlying veins (i.e. median cubital vein): ______
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bicipital aponeurosis
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arises from the left and right base of the superficial palmar venous arch and ascends on the anterior of the forearm, and terminates in the median cubital or the basilic vein
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Median antebrachial vein
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lymph nodes near cubital fossa ___ (next to brachial artery) and ___ (next to basilic artery)
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cubital, supratrochlear nodes
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___ lymph node that typically receives lymph from all of the other axillary nodes (occasionally from the breast too) and drain into the subclavian trunks
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apical
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Fascia that attaches to the coracoid process and the clavicle and covers the pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles? ___
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Clavipectoral fascia
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part of the clavipectoral fascia which spans the interval between the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles
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costocoracoid membrane
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costocoracoid membrane is pierced by what three structures?
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cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and the lateral pectoral nerve
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Fascial covering of the pectoralis major muscle is called the ____ fascia, its attachment sites include the ___ and ___ bones. The fascia is continuous with ____ fascia.
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Pectoral fascia, sternum, clavicle, axillary
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The axillary sheath is a fascial prolongation of what?____ ; it enclosing the axillary vessels and ____
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prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia, brachial plexus
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Boundaries of the axilla:
1. Medial wall: _____ 2. Lateral wall: _____ 3. Posterior wall: _____ 4. Anterior wall: _____ 5. Base: _____ 6. apex: _____ |
1. upper ribs and their intercostal muscles and serratus anterior muscle.
2. humerus. 3. subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. 4. pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. 5. axillary fascia. 6. interval between the clavicle, scapula, and first rib. |
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Pectoralis major:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial half of clavicle; sternum; upper six costal cartilages
2. Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus 3. Lateral and medial pectoral nerve 4. Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm |
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Pectoralis minor:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
2. Coracoid process of scapula 3. Medial > lateral pectoral 4. Depresses scapula; elevates ribs if origin is fixed (leaning on table with palms) |
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Subclavius:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Junction of first rib and costal cartilage
2. Inferior surface of clavicle 3. Nerve to subclavius 4. Depresses lateral part of clavicle |
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Serratus anterior:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Upper eight ribs
2. Medial border of scapula (inner surface) 3. Long thoracic 4. Rotates/abducts scapula upward elevating the arm |
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Deltoid:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anterior: Lateral third of clavicle....... Posterior: acromion, and spine of scapula
2. Deltoid tuberosity of humerus 3. Axillary 4. Abducts, adducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm medially and laterally MULTIPURPOSE [DEPENDS ON WHICH ORIGIN IS USED] |
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Supraspinatus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial supraspinous fossa of scapula (outer surface)
2. Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus 3. Suprascapular 4. Abducts arm |
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Infraspinatus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial infraspinous fossa of scapula (outer surface)
2. Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus 3 .Suprascapular 4. Rotates arm laterally |
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Subscapularis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Subscapular fossa of scapula (inner surface)
2. Lesser tubercle of humerus 3. Upper and lower subscapular 4. Adducts and rotates arm medially |
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Teres major:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
2. Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (upper middle of shaft) 3. Lower subscapular 4. Adducts and rotates arm medially |
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Teres minor:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Upper portion of lateral border of scapula
2. Lower facet of greater tubercle of humerus 3. Axillary 4. Rotates arm laterally, ~abducts |
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Latissimus dorsi:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Spines of T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12
2. Floor of bicipital groove of anterior humerus 3. Thoracodorsal 4. Adducts and rotates arm medially |
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Quadrangular space of shoulder is bounded by:
1. anteriorly (sup.): ___ muscle 2. posterior (sup.): ___ muscle 3. inferiorly: ___ muscle 4. medially:___ muscle 5. laterally: ___ bone 6. Transmits: ___ nerve and ___ vessels |
1. anteriorly (sup.): subscapularis muscle
2. posterior (sup.): teres minor 3. inferiorly: teres major muscle 4. medially: long head of the triceps 5. laterally: surgical neck of the humerus 6. transmits: the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex vessels |
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Triangular space (upper) of shoulder is bounded by:
1. superiorly:___ muscle 2. inferiorly: ___ muscle 3. laterally: ___ muscle 4. transmits: ___ vessels |
1. superiorly: teres minor muscle
2. inferiorly: teres major muscle 3. laterally: long head of the triceps 4. transmits: circumflex scapular vessels |
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Triangular space (lower) of arm is bounded by:
1. superiorly: ___ muscle 2. medially: ___ muscle 3. laterally: ___ muscle 4. transmits: ___ nerve and ___ vessel |
1. superiorly: teres major muscle
2. medially: long head of the triceps 3. laterally: medial head of the triceps 4. transmits: radial nerve and the profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery |
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Suprascapular artery branches off ____
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thyrocervical trunk
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Dorsal descending scapular artery branches off ____
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transverse cervical (of the thyrocervical trunk)
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1/2/3/4/5: number of arterial anastomoses around scapular? names of arteries?________
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3
1. suprascapular, descending scapular, and circumflex scapular arteries 2. acromial and posterior humeral circumflex arteries 3. descending scapular and posterior intercostal arteries |
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Subscapular Nerves branch off____, nerve root/s ____
=post. cord of brachial plexus, C5-C6 |
post. cord of brachial plexus, C5-C6
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___septa divide the arm into the anterior and posterior compartments, it's an extension of brachial deep fascia
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Brachial intermuscular (medial and lateral intermuscular septa)
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Brachial intermuscular septas divide the arm into anterior and posterior compartments, which is the “flexor” and which the “extensor” compartment
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anterior-flexor and posterior-extensor
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CUBITAL FOSSA BORDERS:
1. laterally: ___ muscle 2. medially: ______ muscle 3. superiorly: _____ of the humerus 4. Lateral to medial structures of fossa: ____, ____, ____ & ____ |
1. laterally: brachioradialis muscle
2. medially: pronator teres muscle 3. superiorly: epicondyles of the humerus 4 .Radial nerve, Biceps tendon, Brachial artery, and Median nerve (mnemonic device: Ron Beats Bad Man) |
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Medial/lateral: bicipital aponeurosis
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medial
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Covers median nerve, median antebrachial nerve, brachial artery and its braches
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bicipital aponeurosis
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Which veins cross the bicipital aponeurosis superficially? ____ and ____
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median cubital, median antebrachial
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____ is a membranous sheet which spreads between the medial margins of the radius and ulna
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Interosseous membrane of the forearm
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____ is a band extending downward from the ulnar tuberosity to the radius to the ulna
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oblique cord
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Which is more proximal, Interosseous membrane of the forearm or oblique cord?
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oblique cord
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T/F: Fibers of the interosseous membrane of the forearm and the oblique cord run in the same direction?
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F [most fibers run in opposite directions]
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The gap between the interosseous membrane of the forearm and the oblique cord is pierced by what arteries?
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Posterior interosseous artery, Recurrent interosseous artery
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pronation/supination: palm faces forward
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supination
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pronation/supination: radius rotates over the ulna and the shafts of the radius and ulna cross each other
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pronation
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Irritation of the origin (tendons) of the extensor muscles of the forearm
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Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
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Irritation of the origin the of the flexor muscles of the forearm is called _____; may involve compression of the ____ nerve
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Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis), ulnar nerve
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Hitting your funny bone is actually a knock on ____ nerve
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ulnar
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medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, and the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle form ___ (structure)
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Cubital tunnel
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The cubital tunnel transmits ___ nerve and ___artery which becomes ___ artery w/in the tunnel
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ulnar nerve, superior ulnar collateral => posterior ulnar recurrent artery
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superior ulnar collateral (SUC) branches off ___ artery, SUC becomes posterior ulnar recurrent artery which joins ____ artery to become the main “ulnar recurrent” [or reverse the order depending on your perspective]
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Brachial, anterior ulnar recurrent artery
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ulnar recurrent drains/branches off [depends on how you look at it] into ___ artery
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ulnar
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Coracobrachialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Coracoid proces [inferior side]
2. Middle of medial surface of humerus 3. Musculocutaneous 4. Flexes and adducts arm |
|
Biceps brachii, long head:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Long head, supraglenoid tubercle [in between coracoid and acromion]
2. Radial tuberosity of radius 3. Musculocutaneous 4. Flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm |
|
Biceps brachii, short head:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Coracoid proces [inferior side]
2. Radial tuberosity of radius 3. Musculocutaneous 4. Flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm |
|
Brachialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lower anterior surface of humerus
2. Coronoid process of ulna > ulnar tuberosity 3. Musculocutaneous 4. Flexes arm |
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Triceps:
1. Origin, long head: ____ 2. Origin, lateral head: ____ 3. Origin, medial head: ____ 4. Insertion: ____ 5. Nerve: ____ 6. Action: ____ |
1. infraglenoid tubercle of scapula [bottom of glenoid cavity]
2. superior to radial groove of humerus 3. inferior to radial groove 4. Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna 5. Radial 6. Extends earm |
|
Anconeus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Lower olecranon and upper posterior surface of ulna 3. Radial 4. Stabilises the elbow during pronation and supination and pulls slack out of the elbow joint capsule during extention to prevent impingement |
|
Pronator teres:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
2. Middle of lateral side of radius 3. Median 4. Pronates and flexes forearm |
|
Flexor carpi radialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus
2. Bases of second and third metacarpals 3. Median 4. Flexes forearm, flexes and abducts hand |
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Palamaris longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus
2. Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis near carpals 3. Median 4. Flexes forearm and hand |
|
Flexor carpi ulnaris:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial epicondyle (humeral head); medial olecranon and posterior border of ulna (ulnar hea
2. Hook of hamate > pisiform > base of fifth metacarpal 3. Ulnar 4. Flexes forearm; flexes and adducts hand |
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial epicondyle [humerus], lateral coronoid process [ulna], oblique line of radius
2. Base of middle phalanges of all fingers [not thumb], inserts with two bands 3. Median 4. Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints, flexes hand and forearm |
|
Flexor digitorum profundus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anteromedial surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
2. Bases of distal phalanges of fingers, runs under and between the two bands of Fl.Di.Su. 3. Ulnar and median 4. Flexes distal interphalangeal joints and hand |
|
Flexor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anteromedial surface of radius > interosseous membrane > ~coronoid process???
2. Base of distal phalanx of thumb 3. Median 4. Flexes thumb |
|
Pronator quadratus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Anterior surface of distal ulna
2. Anterior surface of distal radius 3. Median 4. Pronates forearm |
|
Brachioradialis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
2. Base of radial styloid process 3. Radial 4. Flexes forearm |
|
Extensor carpi radialis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
2. Posterior base of second metacarpal [pointer finger] 3. Radial 4. Extends and abducts hand |
|
Extensor carpi radialis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Posterior base of third metacarpal 3. Radial 4. Extends and abducts hands |
|
Extensor digitorium:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Base of middle and digital phalanges [2, 3, 4 fingers] 3. Radial 4. Extends fingers and hand |
|
Extensor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Common extensor tendon and interosseous membrane
2. Extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges [5th finger] 3. Radial 4. Extends little finger |
|
Extensor carpi ulnaris:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulna
2. Base of fifth metacarpal 3. Radial 4. Extends and adducts hand |
|
Supinator:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna
2. Lateral side of upper part of radius 3. Radial 4. Supinates forearm |
|
Abductor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Interosseous membrane, middle third of posterior surfaces of radius and ulna
2. Lateral surface of base of first metacarpal 3. Radial 4. Abducts thumb and hand |
|
Extensor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Interosseous membrane and middle third of posterior surface of ulna
2. Base of distal phalanx of thumb 3. Radial 4. Extends distal phalanx of thumb and abducts hand |
|
Extensor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Interosseous membrane and posterior surface of middle third of radius
2. Base of proximal phalanx of thumb 3. Radial 4. Extends proximal phalanx of thumb and abducts hand |
|
Extensor indicis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
2. Extensor expansion of index finger 3. Radial 4. Extends index finger |
|
Fascial thickening of the wrist that covers extensor tendons, runs from the lateral radius to the styloid process of the ulna, pisiform, and triquetrum.
|
Extensor retinaculum
|
|
superficial/deep: radial nerve crosses extensor retinaculum
|
superficial
|
|
fibrous layer overlying the tendons in the palm
|
Palmar aponeurosis
|
|
Palmar aponeurosis is continuous with ____ tendon from the anterior forearm, ____ facia in the thumb direction, ____ facia in the pinky direction, and ___ ligament
|
palmaris longus tendon, thenar fascia, hypothenar fascia, and the palmar carpal ligament
|
|
superficial/deep: Palmar aponeurosis to the superficial palmar arterial arch
|
superficial
|
|
flexion deformity of third and fourth (pinky) fingers is most likely caused by what? ____, its name is _____ contracture
|
progressive thickening, shortening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia, especially the palmar aponeurosis; Dupuytren's contracture
|
|
“Claw hand” deformity: wrist flexed, metacarpals extended, and flexed interphalangeal joint => usually caused by? ______, it's name is _____ contracture
|
brachial artery ischemia secondary to fracture (eg supracondylar);
Volkmann's contracture |
|
Main nerve running under the flexor retinaculum
|
Median nerve
|
|
___ nerve and artery run superficially on the flexor retinaculum medially, ___ nerve runs superficially on the flexor retinaculum laterally
|
ulnar, palmar (cutaneous) branch of the median nerve
|
|
ulnar nerve and artery run superficially on the flexor retinaculum within ____ tunnel
|
Guyon
|
|
Which is more deep: palmar carpal ligament or flexor retinaculum?
|
flexor retinaculum
|
|
Which is more proximal palmar carpal ligament or flexor retinaculum?
|
palmar carpal ligament
|
|
origin for muscles of the thenar & hypothenar eminences
|
flexor retinaculum
|
|
roof [anterior] of carpal tunnel is formed by ____, floor [posterior] of carpal tunnel is formed by ____
|
flexor retinaculum, carpal bones
|
|
___ vessels runs between flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis
|
ulnar
|
|
Median nerve runs immediatly under flexor retinaculum or palmar carpal ligament?
|
flexor retinaculum
|
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the ____ nerve
|
median nerve
|
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome paresthesia occurs on:
1. thenar eminence: T/F 2. hypothenar eminence: T/F 3. thumb: T/F 4. point/index finger: T/F 5. 3rd finger: T/F 6. 4th finger: T/F 7. medial palm: T/F 8. lateral palm: T/F 9. back of hand: T/F |
1. thenar eminence: F
2. hypothenar eminence: F 3. thumb: T 4. point/index finger: T 5. 3rd finger: T 6. 4th finger: F 7. medial palm: T 8. lateral palm: F 9. back of hand: F |
|
Why no carpal tunnel syndrome paresthesia on thenar eminence?
|
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve branches off the median nerve before the compression
|
|
1/2/3/4/5/6: number of fascial spaces of the palm
|
2
|
|
midpalmar (oblique) septum divides the palm into the ___ and ___ fascial spaces
|
thenar, midpalmar
|
|
Midpalmar/Thenar space: transmits the flexor tendons for the medial three digits
|
Midpalmer
|
|
radial bursa encloses ___ tendon/muscle and is in which fascial space of the palm?___
|
flexor pollicis longus, thenar
|
|
ulnar bursa is in which fascial space of the palm? ___, encloses what? __________
|
midpalmer, flexor tendons for the medial three digits
|
|
space between flexor tendons of hand and the deep bones (carpal & metacarpal)?_____
|
parona's space
|
|
condition resulting from infection/inflammation that spreads up the synovial sheath, due to puncture injury, is called ____
|
Tenosynovitis
|
|
Trigger finger audible click is due to?____
|
tenosynovitis developed nodule that clicks as it goes through a pulley
|
|
permanent flexion of the distal phalanx is called ___ finger
|
Mallet finger
|
|
deformity of abnormal flexion of the middle phalanx and hyperextension of the distal phalanx is called ____ deformity
|
boutonniere deformity
|
|
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: inserts onto middle phalanx
|
superficialis
|
|
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: splits into two medial and lateral bands
|
superficialis
|
|
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: inserts onto distal phalanx
|
profundus
|
|
extensor or flexor digitorum tendon:
a single central band of the digitorum tendon inserts on the base of the middle phalanges 2-4, while two lateral bands of the digitorum tendon continue on and join to form a single band to insert on the base of the distal phalanges 2-4 |
extensor
|
|
insertion point for the lumbrical and interosseous muscles and the extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi muscles?____
|
extensor hood.
|
|
extensor hood is what? ____
|
expansion of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal joint
|
|
Anatomical Snuffbox bounded:
1. medially [in relation to hand, not body]: ___________ 2. laterally: ____ & ____ 3. proximally: ____________ 4.floor: ____ & ____ 5. transmits: ____ artery, ____vein, and ____ nerve |
1. tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle
2. laterally by the tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles 3. styloid process of the radius 4. scaphoid and trapezium bones 5. radial artery, cephalic vein, radial nerve |
|
The skin underneath the nail is called?____
|
Nail bed
|
|
proximal part of the nail bed produces hard keratin
|
matrix
|
|
crescent-shaped whitish area of the nail bed?____
|
lunula
|
|
nail cuticle's real names
|
eponychium [prox]paronychium [lateral]
|
|
attachment between the skin of the finger or toe and the distal end of the nail
|
hyponychium
|
|
brachial plexus is formed by what nerve roots?
|
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
|
|
brachial plexus nerve roots pass posteriorly through digitations of____ muscle
|
scalenus anterior
|
|
brachial plexus is formed by what nerve roots?
|
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
|
|
brachial plexus is enclosed in a prolongation of the prevertebral fascia along with what vessels? ____
|
axillary artery and vein [~and their branches???]
|
|
Innervation to levator scapulae and rhomboid minor and major muscles
|
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
|
|
anteriorly/posteriorly: Long thoracic nerve's descent in relation to brachial plexus
|
posteriorly
|
|
Innervation to serratus anterior muscle
|
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
|
|
patient's vertebral (medial) border of the scapula protrudes away from the thorax [winged scapula]=> injury to what nerve?___ common eitiologies?___
|
long thoracic nerve (C5-7)
stab wound or thoracic surgery (radical mastectomy) LT nerve damage kills serratus anterior muscle actions |
|
name the two brachial root branches:____, ____ & ____
|
Long thoracic nerve, Dorsal scapular nerve, ~phrenic
|
|
name the two brachial trunk branches:____ & ____
|
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6), nerve to subclavius (C5, ~C6)
|
|
Suprascapular nerve/vessels:
run beneath superior transverse scapular ligament, mnemonic_____ |
nerve;
army [artery] runs over the bridge [ligament] and the navy [nerve] runs under the bridge) |
|
Innervation to infraspinatus muscle, supraspinatus muscle, and shoulder joint
|
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
|
|
___ nerve: arises from the point of junction of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves, usually connected by a filament with the phrenic nerve
|
nerve to subclavius (C5, ~C6)
|
|
1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10: number of brachial cord branches?
|
7
|
|
name the lateral brachial cord branch:____
|
lateral pectoral nerve
|
|
name the three posterior brachial cord branches:____ & ____ & ____
|
lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, upper subscapular
|
|
name the three medial brachial cord branches:____ & ____ & ____
|
medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, and medial antebrachial cutaneous
|
|
___ nerve passes across [superficial to] the axillary vessels, pierces the ____ fascia, and is distributed to the deep surface of the pectoralis major; this nerve is accompanied by the pectoral branch of the ___artery
|
lateral pectoral nerve, coracoclavicular, thoracoacromial
|
|
___ nerve passes behind the first part of the axillary artery, curves forward between the axillary artery and vein, and is distributed to the deep surface of the pectoralis minor
|
medial pectoral nerve
|
|
____ sends a nerve filament to the medial pectoral nerve uniting in front of the axillary artery
|
lateral pectoral nerve
|
|
innervates the skin on the medial side of the arm
|
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (C8 & T1)
|
|
___ nerve runs between the axillary artery and vein near the shoulder and then in the arm runs medial [in reference to body, not arm] to the brachial vessels deep to the biceps brachii and superficial to brachialis => innervates the skin on the anteromedial side of the forearm.
|
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)
|
|
*___ nerve runs down the medial aspect of the arm, medial [in reference to body, not arm] to medial brachial cutaneous nerve
|
ulnar
|
|
Branches dorsally from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and is distributed/innervates the deep surface of the the teres major as well as part of the subscapularis
|
lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
|
|
innervates the upper portion of the subscapularis muscle
|
upper subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
|
|
___ nerve runs inferiorly between serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi => distributed/innervates the latissimus dorsi
|
thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)
|
|
fracture of the midshaft of the humerus is likely to lead to dysfunctional ___ nerve => causes a problem with wrist extension/flexion?____
|
radial nerve, extension (wrist drop)
|
|
fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus or inferior dislocation is likely to lead to dysfunctional ___ nerve => causes a problem with arm adduction/abduction?____
|
axillary, abduction
|
|
___ nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor
|
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
|
|
___ nerve passes posteriorly through the quadrangular space and is accompanied by the posterior circumflex humeral vessels
|
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
|
|
___ nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus
|
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
|
|
___ nerve runs in the musculospiral groove on the back of the humerus
|
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
|
|
Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, descends laterally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and innervates these three muscles
|
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
|
|
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) continues into the forearm as the ____ nerve
|
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
|
|
Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve results in weakness of:
supination or pronation & extension or flexion |
supination, flexion
|
|
___ nerve runs deep and slightly medial to brachial vessels and brachialis muscle
|
Median nerve (C5-T1)
|
|
In the cubital fossa the median nerve is deep to:
1. bicipital aponeurosis: T/F 2. pronator teres: T/F 3. medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: T/F 4. brachial vessels: T/F |
1. T
2. T 3. T 4. T |
|
____ nerve runs deep to flexor digitorum superficialis near the the cubital fossa, then deep to Fl.Ca.Ra. and Fl.Po.Lo. flexors mid forearm, then becomes superficial near wrist
|
median nerve
|
|
___ nerve innervates the lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus [lateral two of the four tendons]
|
median nerve
|
|
___ nerve accompanies the anterior interosseous artery along the front of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, it is a branch of ___ nerve
|
anterior interosseous nerve, median
|
|
___ nerve innervates pronator quadratus and flexor pollicis longus
|
anterior interosseous nerve (median)
|
|
___ nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial [two of four] tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, every other anterior compartment of the forearm muscle is innervated by the
___ nerve or its branches |
ulnar, median
|
|
Median nerve enters palm via ___ structure => sends branches to thenar eminence: ______ and ________ nerves
|
carpal tunnel,
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve muscular branch (recurrent branch) |
|
describe the terminal branching of the median nerve after it goes through the carpal tunnel into the palm
|
three common palmar digital nerves, which then divide into the palmar digital branches
|
|
flattening of the thenar eminence, often referred to as ape hand, and trouble flexing lateral parts of the hand indicates ___ nerve damage
|
median [~@ wrist or below]
|
|
name the five brachial terminal branches: ____ & ____ & ____ & ____ & ____
|
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Median nerve (C5-T1) Radial nerve (C5-T1) Axillary nerve (C5-C6) Ulnar nerve (C7-T1) |
|
Abductor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Flexor retinaculum > scaphoid and trapezium
2. Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb 3. Median 4. Abducts thumb |
|
Flexor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Flexor retinaculum > trapezium
2. Base of proximal phalanx of thumb 3. Median 4. Flexes thumb |
|
Opponens pollicis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Flexor retinaculum > trapezium
2. Lateral side of first metacarpal 3. Median 4. Opposes thumb finger => flexion of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint |
|
Adductor pollicis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Capitate and bases of second and third metacarpals (oblique head); palmar surface of third metacarpal (transverse head)
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb 3. Ulnar 4. Adducts thumb |
|
Palmaris brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial side of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
2. Skin of medial side of palm 3. Ulnar 4. Wrinkles skin on medial side of palm - |
|
Abductor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger 3. Ulnar 4. Abducts little finger |
|
Flexor digiti minimi brevis:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger 3. Ulnar 4. Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger |
|
Opponens digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
2. Medial side of fifth metacarpal 3. Ulnar 4. Opposes little finger, flexion of the pinky at the carpometacarpal joint |
|
Lumbricals (4):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Lateral side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
2. Lateral side of extensor expansion 3. 3rd and 4th phalanges => deep branch of ulnar nerve; 1st and 2nd => median nerve 4. flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints |
|
Dorsal interossei (4) (bipennate):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones
2. Lateral sides of bases of proximal phalanges; extenso: expansion 3. Ulnar 4. Abduct fingers; flex metacarpophal angeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints |
|
Palmar interossei (3) (unipennate):
1. Origin: ____ 2. Insertion: ____ 3. Nerve: ____ 4. Action: ____ |
1. Medial side of second metacarpal; lateral sides of fourth and fifth metacarpals
2. Bases of proximal phalanges in same sides as their origins; extensor expansion 3. Ulnar 4. Adduct fingers; flex metacarpophal angeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints |
|
Radial nerve descends:
1. Lateral/medial: to the profunda brachii artery 2. Anterior/posterior: to the coracobrachialis 3. Anterior/posterior: to the teres major 4. Anterior/posterior: on the humerus 5. Anterior/posterior: to the lateral epicondyle |
1. lateral
2. posterior 3. anterior 4. posteriorly 5. anterior |
|
The radial nerve enters the cubital fossa between ____ and ____ muscles?
|
brachialis and brachioradialis muscles
|
|
The radial nerve does what near the head of the radius?
|
divides into superficial and deep branches (in the cubital fossa) *** head of ulna is near the wrist by the way***
|
|
posterior brachial and posterior antebrachial cutaneous branches are supplied by ____ nerve
|
radial nerve
|
|
The Brachioradialis is in the posterior compartment?___; and is a flexor/extensor?___
|
flexor (only posterior compartment muscle that flexes forearm and runs anteriorly, weird!)
|
|
“fourth head” of the triceps brachii
|
anconeus
|
|
muscular branches of the ____ nerve supply the Anconeus, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, and Brachialis, Triceps brachii
|
radial
|
|
The deep radial nerve first penetrates the ____ muscle; innervates anterior/posterior forearm compartment muscles?_____
|
supinator muscle, posterior
|
|
The deep radial nerve turns into ___________ nerve and descends with the posterior interosseous artery, which is a branch of the ulnar/radial artery?
|
posterior interosseous nerve
ulnar => Common interosseous artery => [posterior interosseous artery, recurrent interosseous artery, anterior interosseous artery] |
|
the superficial radial branch is:
deep/superficial: to the musculocutaneous nerve deep/superficial: to the radial artery |
=deep, deep
|
|
Ulnar nerve arises from the ____ cord of the brachial plexus
|
medial
|
|
Ulnar nerve descends together with the _____ branch of the brachial artery near the condyle of humerus
|
superior ulnar collateral
|
|
Ulnar nerve descends anteriorly/posteriorly to the medial epicondyle?___
runs through ___ tunnel |
posteriorly, cubital tunnel
|
|
Cubital tunnel is formed from:_________
|
two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
|
|
Ulnar nerve enters the hand deep/superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral/medial [in relation to the body, not the hand] to the pisiform bone
|
superficial, lateral (thumb side of pisiform)
|
|
How does the ulnar nerve terminate?_______
|
divides into superficial and deep branches at the root of the hypothenar eminence
|
|
____ nerve innervates the palmaris brevis and the skin over the hypothenar eminence, little finger (pinky), and ring finger
|
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve
|
|
_____ nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles, the medial two lumbricals, all of the interossei, the adductor pollicis, and usually the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
|
___ nerve runs medial to lateral on the carpal bones, deep to all hand flexor tendons
|
deep branch of ulnar nerve
|
|
Where are the cell bodies located in the following structures:
1. general somatic afferent (GSA) and general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers?______ 2. general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers?_____ 3. sympathetic postganglionic general visceral efferent fibers (GVE)? ______ |
1. dorsal root ganglia
2. anterior horn of the spinal cord 3. sympathetic chain ganglia |
|
Patient comes in with the following posture: wrist is in a flexed position behind the back with extended fingers, while the arm is internally rotated. What is the disorder called and what are the etiologies?________ & ___________
|
= Erb-Duchenne paralysis/Erb palsy, breech delivery or a violent displacement of the head from the shoulder such as might result from a fall from a motorcycle or horse.
|
|
Erb-Duchenne's palsy involves ________ root/s of the brachial plexus
|
C5 and C6 (upper trunk injury)
|
|
Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand] involves ________ root/s of the brachial plexus
|
C8 and T1
|
|
Why, in some cases of Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand], is the ipsilateral face of the patient droopy?
|
Involvement of T1 may result in Horner's syndrome.
|
|
Most common etiology of lower trunk injury (Klumpke's paralysis)?_____
|
difficult breech delivery, ~cervical rib
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Congenital abnormality where an extra rib is found located above the normal first rib is called ______ syndrome and may result in _____ posturing/paralysis of the hand and arm. Sufferers are predisposed to what? _____
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cervical rib syndrome
Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand] cancers |
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What is the marker for the start of the axillary artery? ______, for the end?______
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lateral border of the first rib
lower margin of teres major |
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The axillary artery begins between which two arterial trunks?
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Costocervical trunk (subclavian side) and Thoracoacromial trunk (axillary side)
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The axillary artery becomes the ____ artery at the lower margin of the ____ muscle
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brachial artery, teres major muscle
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name the branches of the thyrocervical arterial trunk
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suprascapular (transverse scapular), inferior thyroid, transverse cervical
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____ structure [nerve or artery] passes over the superior transverse scapular ligament ____ passes under
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suprascapular (transverse scapular) artery
suprascapular nerve [army on the bridge, navy under] |
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What arteries anastomose on the dorsal side of the scapula?
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1. transverse cervical artery (dorsal scapular artery, descending scapular)
2. circumflex scapular artery 3. suprascapular (transverse scapular) |
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___ artery can come off the subclavian artery or as a deep branch of the transverse cervical;
what nerve accompanies it?____ |
1. Dorsal scapular (descending scapular artery) if off the subclavian
-or- Deep transverse cervical artery if off the transverse cervical 2. dorsal scapular nerve |
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axillary artery/vein: more medial
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vein
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The axillary vessels are anterior or posterior to most shoulder girdle muscles?
what are the three exceptions? |
anterior
deltoid, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor |
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___ artery pierces the costocoracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia)
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thoracoacromial trunk/arteries
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___ artery runs along the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle and gives rise to lateral mammary branches
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Lateral thoracic artery
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name the thoracoacromial artery branches:
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deltoid, acromial, pectoral thoracoacromial arteries
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largest branch of the axillary artery?____
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Subscapular artery
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name the subscapular artery branches:
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circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery
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thoracodorsal artery accompanies the ___ nerve:
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thoracodorsal nerve
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____ artery passes posteriorly into the triangular space
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circumflex scapular artery
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What arteries anastomose on the surgical neck of the humerus?
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posterior humeral circumflex, humeral circumflex and an ascending branch of the profunda brachii artery
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if the axillary artery is ligated after the thyrocervical trunk ___ artery will bring blood from anastomoses to the axillary artery and its branches distal to the ligature
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thyrocervical trunk => suprascapular (transverse scapular), dorsal scapular (descending scapular artery) => circumflex scapular artery => subscapular artery => axillary
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___ artery extends from the inferior border of the teres major muscle to its bifurcation in the cubital fossa
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brachial
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The brachial artery lies on the ___ in the upper arm and then on the ____ muscles medial to the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii in the distal arm
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triceps brachii, brachialis
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The brachial artery lies medial/lateral to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa?
____; medial/lateral to the median nerve?____ |
medial, lateral
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Brachial artery terminates by dividing into the ___ and ___ arteries
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radial, ulnar
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Branches of the profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery:
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ascending branch, middle collateral, and the radial collateral artery
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profunda brachii's middle collateral anastomoses with ____ artery;
profunda brachii's radial collateral artery anastomoses with ____ artery, anteriorly/posteriorly to the lateral epicondyle?____ |
interosseous recurrent artery,
radial recurrent artery, anteriorly |
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Superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with?____
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posterior ulnar recurrent branch of the ulnar artery
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inferior ulnar collateral arteryanastomoses with?____
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anterior ulnar recurrent branch of the ulnar artery
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Radial Artery descends under cover of the ____ muscle, with the ___ nerve on its lateral side
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brachioradialis, superficial radial nerve
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Radial Artery runs cradled between what two muscle in the proximal forearm? _____ and upon ___ muscle in the distal forearm
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1. flexor pollicis longus, pronator teres
2. supinator |
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Radial artery runs deep/superficial to the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus muscle, extensor pollicis longus and brevis muscles?____; and over the surface of what carpals?____________
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deep; scaphoid and trapezium bones
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____ artery runs through the anatomic snuffbox
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radial artery
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radial artery enters the palm by passing between the two heads of the ___ muscle/s
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two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the adductor pollicis muscle
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The radial pulse, which can be felt proximal to the wrist between the tendons of the ____ and ____
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brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis muscles
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Radial artery gives rise to the following branches:
1st: ____ 2nd: ____ 3rd: ____ 4th: ____ 5th: ____ 6th: ____ |
Radial recurrent artery
*Palmar carpal branch *Superficial palmar branch *Dorsal carpal branch Princeps pollicis artery Radialis indicis artery (radial artery of index finger) *Deep palmar arch *=arch |
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____ artery passes through the thenar muscles
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Superficial palmar branch
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____ artery descends along the ulnar border of the first metacarpal bone under the flexor pollicis longus tendon
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princeps pollicis artery
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____ artery descends along the radial border of the second metacarpal bone
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Radialis indicis artery (radial artery of index finger)
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____ artery passes between the transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis muscle
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Deep palmar arch
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three palmar metacarpal arteries branch off what? ______
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Deep palmar arch
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three palmar metacarpal arteries branch off what? ______
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Deep palmar arch
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The radial nerve descends anteriorly/posteriorly to the thumb?
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posteriorly
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larger branch of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa is the ____ artery
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ulnar
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____ artery descends between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle
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ulnar
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*ulnar artery descends:
superficially/deep: to the flexor digitorum profundus superficially/deep: to the flexor retinaculum superficially/deep: to the flexor digitorum superficialis |
super, super, deep
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___ artery enters lateral [in relation to the body] to the pisiform bone and medial to the hook of the hamate bone
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ulnar
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Ulnar artery gives rise to the following branches:
1st: ____ 2nd: ____ 3rd: ____ 4th: ____ 5th: ____ 6th: ____ 7th: ____ |
1. Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
2. Posterior ulnar recurrent artery 3. Common interosseous artery 4. Palmar carpal branch 5. Dorsal carpal branch 6. Superficial palmar arterial arch 7. Deep palmar branch |
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after injecting a drugs into the forearm a disastrous gangrene with subsequent loss of the hand results, what is the most likely cause?
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an anatomical anomaly: the ulnar artery was mistaken for a vein as it branched high from the brachial artery and ran superficial to the flexor muscles
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What is an Allen test and what does it test for?
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either the radial or ulnar artery is digitally compressed by the examiner after blood has been forced out of the hand by making a tight fist =>
failure of the blood to return indicates that the uncompressed artery is occluded |