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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
list three ways that a building automation system can have a larger impact on a building
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- energy efficient
- system control - convenience |
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what is the most significant benefit of a building automation system
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energy efficient
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what are the primary targets for improving energy efficiency through automation
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Lighting and HVAC systems
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list the four main groups of a pneumatic control system
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1. air compressor station
2. transmitters and controllers 3. auxiliary devices 4. actuators |
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what was the first type of automated control the indoor environment in a commercial building
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pneumatic systems
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industrial automation is commonly applied at the _ rather than the _
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- controller
- device |
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a DDC controller can only communicate with sensors and actuators to which it is
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directly connected
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what type of building automation technology is particularly attractive to the residential market
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X10 technology
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List the items which will often dictate automation priorities within a building
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A. location
B. occupancy C. equipment and products D. special on - site processes |
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shop drawings include two basic categories
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- components
- software/wiring |
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_ illustrate both signal and power wiring for each panel and device, including information on power sources
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- wiring interconnections
- block diagrams |
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what type of device measures the value of a variable and tranmitts a signal that conveys the information
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a sensor
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what device makes decisions to change an aspect of a system based on sensor information and internal programming
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a controller
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What type of device accepts a control signal and causes a mechanical motion
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an actuator
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a _ is an electrical switch that is actuated by a separate electrical circuit
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a relay
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list three common types of control signals
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- digital
- analog - structured network messages |
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what type of signal can convey information that has units of measurements
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analog
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a _ is a set of rules and procedures for the exchange of information between two connected devices
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protocol
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what type a control point exists only in software
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virtual point
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what portion of controller software produces output based on inputs
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control logic
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what type of generating plant uses water pressure and water flow to generate electricity
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hydroelectric
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name two critical electrical loads which are required by governing entities to have secondary power sources
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- egress lighting
- fire pumps |
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what percentage of electricity is produced from nuclear power
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19%
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_ are the most commonly used source of secondary power
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diesel generators
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what is the last point on the power distribution system for the power company
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switch board
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the terms "step up transformer and step down transformer" describes an increase or decease in
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voltage
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an overcurrent protective device prevents _ from reaching excessively high temperatures,due to high currents, by opening the circuit
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- contactors
- devices |
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_ is the amount of electrical power drawn by loads at a specific moment and is measured in _
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- electrical demand
- watts |
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the measure of how closely the power in an electrical system matches the nominal characteristics is called _
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power quality
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a _ is a heavy - duty relay for switching circuits with high - power loads
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contactor
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what type of motor controller is used to change the speed of an AC motor by changing the frequency of the supply voltage
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variable - frequency drive
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what type of switch allows an electrical system to be switched between two sources
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transfer switch
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what type of UPS system has high efficiency, small size, and lower in cost than other types of UPS systems
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stand by
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proper indoor lighting improves the _ of building occupants
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productivity and safety
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what percentage of energy produced by lamps is ultraviolet energy, infrared energy, or heat that is not visible
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65% - 90%
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what is the most common type of lighting installation
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down lighting
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_ is the intentional reduction of electrical power to a lamp in order to reduce its light output
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dimming
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how is light output measured
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lumens
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why are lamps rated in initial lumens and in mean lumens
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light output from a lamp can change from overtime
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mean lumens is the rated average intensity of light produced by a lamp after it has operated for approximately _ of its rated life
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40%
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the higher temperatures of a halogen lamp can improve the luminous efficacy up to about
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18 to 24 lumens
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a _ is an electric lamp that produces light by striking an electrical arc across tungsten electrodes housed inside an arc tube
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HID
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what type of HID lamp has an extra starting electrode
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mercury vapor
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_ have life spans of 50,000 hours or more and are resistant to physical shock and vibrations
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LED
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what are the two types of devices used for control devices in lighting systems
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- inputs
- outputs |
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what are the most common form of automatic lighting control used in buildings
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occupancy sensors
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what type of occupancy sensor activates when it senses the heat energy of people within its field of view
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infrared
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list two common types of photocells
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- photoresistor
- phototransistor |
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define closed loop control
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a control system in which the result of an output is fed back to the controller as an input
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a _ is a solenoid operated, high - power relay used with lighting circuits
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lighting contactor
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why do most lighting contactors use double - break contacts to open and close the lighting circuit
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to provide a better arc
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when a lighting controller is combined with a circuit breaker to both control the circuits and provide overcurrent protection in the same device, the circuit beaker are know as _ and _
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- remote controlled circuit breakers
- power operated circuit breakers |
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_ is the automatic control of devices according to the date and time
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scheduling
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a _ is a switch that automatically changes state at certain times
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time clock
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what type of transformer has only one winding, which is tapped on both the primary and secondary at various points to produce varying voltages
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autotransformer
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automatic lighting control that uses a light-level sensor to turn lamps on around dusk and turn lamps off at dawn is called
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photo control
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_ is a lighting control scheme that switches and/or dims groups of lamps together to a mixture of predetermined levels
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scene lighting
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What are the primary functions of an HVAC system
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heating/ ventilating/ Air conditioning
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What functions of the HVAC system rely on the basic principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer
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heating and cooling functions
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What is the hub of a forced air system
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Air Handling Unit (AHU)
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_ and _ are the two (2) methods by which air-handling units introduce conditioned air into the building spaces to achieve climate control
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constant volume / variable volume
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A _ is a device located at the building zone that provides heating and airflow as needed in order to maintain the desired set points within the building zone
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Variable - air - volume (VAV) terminal box
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What type of HVAC system distributes water or steam throughout a building as the transfer medium for heating and cooling system
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A hydronic HVAC system
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A _ is a device that transfers heat from one fluid to another fluid without allowing the fluids to mix
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heat exchanger
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_ and _ are the two (2) most common types of heat exchangers commonly found in air - handling units
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Heating coils / cooling coils
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what is the simplest forced-air HVAC system configuration
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single - zone
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_ is the most important property of air that is controlled by an HVAC system
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temperature
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the temperature of air that is measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture is called
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the dry - bulb temperature
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why does humidity affect comfort
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humidity determines the rate at which perspiration evaporates from the skin
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what is the undesirable variation of air temperature between the top and bottom of a space called
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temperature stratification
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_ is the speed at which air moves from one point to another
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Air Velocity
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the ideal air movement per person/ per minute
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40 CFM (cubic feet per min)
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_ is a measure of the number of times the entire volume of air within a building space is circulated through the HVAC system in one (1) hour
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Air changes per hour (ACH)
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While some failures in an HVAC control application cause relatively minor discomfort for the building occupants, other failures or adverse conditions may cause
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equipment damage and even life safety issues
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safety circuits typically provide an _ to controllers to generate alarms
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input
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if the digital inputs for a supply-air fan control application indicate that the supply -air fan should be on, the controller compares the measured _ to the set-point; if this reading is lower than the set-point, the supply-air fan speed must be
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static air pressure / increased
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the return-air fan assist the supply-air fan in moving conditioned air into the building spaces by _
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drawing air back out of the space
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control of the outside-air and the return-air dampers for economizing is based primarily on _
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outside temperature and airflow
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most AHU control damper actuators include a spring return so that upon loss of power or loss of a control signal, the dampers return to their default positions. the outside-air damper is normally _ and the return-air damper is normally _
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closed / open
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what is the function of a bypass damper
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it diverts air from one component to another
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the most common method of humidification is the addition of _ into the supply air
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steam
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when monitoring humidity for humidity control, a humidity sensor in the return air stream gives an _ for allspaces served by the AHU
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average value
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give an example of an application where codes could require a minimum humidity in a facility
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healthcare facilities
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when isolation rooms are used in a hospital to help control the spread of contagions, a room with positive relative pressure will aid in keeping infectious agents from easily _ the room
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entering
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a dual-duct air terminal unit is essentially two (2) single-duct air terminal units operating in _ with the airstreams mixing before going to the diffuser
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parallel
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_ is the ability of diverse systems and devices to work together effectively and reliably
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interoperability
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what technology has allowed building automation system to extend beyond the walls of an individual building
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integration with internet standards
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which location application is most common
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building-wide application
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which location application includes buildings in close proximity
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campus-wide application
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define protocol
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is a set of rules and procedures for the exchange of information between two (2) connected devices
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what are the two (2) most common open protocols in use today
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lon works / bac net
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give an example of a wireless open protocol
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zig bee
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will the elevator stop to pick up passengers on the way down
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no
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