Carbohydrates

What are the 2 Chemical Method's

Principle: Reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ions forming cuprous oxide in hot alkaline solution by glucose

It is a "Modification of Folin- Wu Method"

It is used for the detection and quantitation of reducing substances in body fluids like blood and urine.

Stabilizing agent of Benedict's Method

Also known as "Hagedorn Jensen"

It involves reduction of a yellow ferricyanide to a colorless ferrocyanide by glucose (inverse Colorimetry

Also know as "Dubowski Method"

It acts on glucose but not on other sugars and not on other reducing substances

It measures the B-D glucose

It also measures CSF and urine glucose

It is the most specific glucose method; reference method

Plasma collected using heparin, EDTA, flouride, oxalate or citrate maybe used for the test.

Also known as "Saifer Gernstenfield Method"

It measures the rate of oxygen consumption which is proportional to glucose concentration

Glucose Oxidase in the reagent catalyzes the oxidation of glucose by oxygen under first order condition s, forming hydrogen peroxide

A glucose is reduced to produce a chromophore that is measured spectrophotometrically or an electrical current

The amount of NADH generated is proportional to the glucose concentration

Mutarotase" added to shorten the time necessary to reach equilibrium

Also known as "Cellular strip"

Important in establishing correct insulin amount next dose.

Use for continuous monitoring of glucose levels in people with diabetes

"Trend analysis" can reveal useful finding form modifying treatment for nocturnal hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia

The amount of NADH is proportional to the glucose concentration

An enzyme added to shorten the time necessary to reached equilibrium

It is requesting during insulin shock and hyperglycemic ketonic coma

Is a measure of overall glucose homeostasis

It measures how well the body metabolize glucose

It is a multiple blood sugar test

It is used to determine how well the body metabolizes glucose over a required period of time,

Should be performed to diagnose gestational diabetes

It is characterized by fasting blood glucose concentration between normal and diabetic values

FBS= 100-125 mg/dl

It is characterized by fasting blood glucose concentration less than those required for the diagnosis of diabetes, but the OGTT is between normal and diabetic value

2 Hour OGTT= 140-199 mg/dl

It is also known as Glycated hemoglobin

It is a largest subtraction of normal hemoglobin A in both diabetic and non diabetic individuals

It represents a "weighed" average of glucose levels, with youngest erythrocyte contributing to a greater extent than older ones

Also known as glycosylated or glycolate albumin/plasma protein ketoamine.

It is congenital deficiency of one of three enzymes involved in galactose metabolism.

Failure to thrive syndrome in infants

Most common deficiency of Galactosemia

3 enzymes in Galactosemia

Is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by fructokinase deficiency

The conversion of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate

Is a defect of fructose-1-6-biphosphate aldolase B activity in the liver, kidney and intestine.

Inability to convert fructose-1-phoshate and fructose-1-6biphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glyceraldehydes

Is a defect in fructose-1,6-biphosphate results in failure of hepatic glucose generation by gluconeogenesis precursor such as lactate and glycerol

It is the most common Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) it is associated with hyperlipidemia

It is for type 1 GSD (Glycogen Storage Disease) decrease glucose levels

Types of Glycogen Storage Disease