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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Atropine
Trade Names |
Atropair, Atropisol
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Atropine
What do small amounts do? |
Inhibit salivary/bronchial secretions.
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Atropine
What do moderate amounts do? |
Dilate pupils and increase heart rate.
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Atropine
What do large amounts do? |
Decrease GI motility, inhibit gastric acid secretion. Blocks vagal effects causing positive chronotropy/dromotropy.
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Atropine
Why is it used in emergency care? |
To increase heart rate in life-threatening bradycardias.
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Atropine
What is it? |
Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, antidysrythmic, antimuscarinic, mydriatic.
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Atropine
Indications |
Asystole, sinus bradycardia and AV block.
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Atropine
Contraindications |
Acute hemorrhage, Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency.
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Atropine
Precautions |
Active MI, chronic cardiac disease, geriatrics, pediatrics, pregnancy.
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Atropine
Side Effects |
Confusion, drowsiness, blurred vision, palpitations, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth.
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Atropine
Routes |
IM, IV, PO, SQ, ET
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Atropine
Onset |
< 1 minute
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Epinephrine Infusion
Indication |
Severely symptomatic hypotension due to bradycardia
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Dopamine
Trade Name |
Intropin
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Dopamine
What kind of drug is it? |
Sympathomimetic
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Dopamine
What does it do (actions)? |
Increases cardiac contractility, causes peripheral vasoconstriction.
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Dopamine
Indications |
Hemodynamically significant hypotension (BP 70-100) not caused by hypovolemia. Cardiogenic shock.
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Dopamine
Contraindications |
Hypovolemic shock w/out complete fluid resuscitation. Pheochromocytoma.
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Dopamine
Precautions |
Tachyarrhythmias, v-fib
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Dopamine
Side Effects |
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertension, palpitations, vasoconstriction of renal arteries - renal failure.
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Sodium Bicarbonate
What is it? |
Alkalinizing agent, increases pH
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Sodium Bicarb
Indications |
Late management of cardiac arrest; hyperkalemia; tricyclic antidepressant OD; aspirin OD
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Sodium Bicarb
Contraindications |
Alkalotic states
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Sodium Bicarb
Precautions |
Can deactivate catecholamines; delivers large sodium load
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Sodium Bicarb
Side Effects |
Alkalosis
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Oxygen
Contraindications |
Paraquat exposure
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Oxygen
Side Effects |
May cause respiratory depression in COPD patients
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Trade Names |
Aspirin, Excedrine, Bayer
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
What is it? |
Platelet aggregation inhibitor; anti-inflammatory; anti-pyretic.
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
What does it do? |
Slows platelet adhesion; reduces pain; reduces fever.
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Indication |
Possible AMI
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Contraindications |
Allergy to Aspirin or NSAIDs; Pediatrics
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Precautions |
Previous ASA ingestion, pregnancy, gastric ulcers, bleeding disorders, hepatic/renal disease
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Side Effects |
Dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, increased bleeding.
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Acetylsalicylic Acid
Onset |
10-30 min
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Morphine Sulfate
Trade Names |
Astramorph, Duramorph, MSIR, MS Contin, Oramorph
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Morphine Sulfate
What is it? |
Natural opium alkaloid; Analgesic; Peripheral vasodilator
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Morphine Sulfate
What does it do? |
Increases peripheral venous capacitance/decreases venous return. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand. Analgesia. Relieves cardiopulmonary congestion.
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Morphine Sulfate
Indications |
Relief of pain related to MI/ischemia; Pulmonary edema
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Morphine Sulfate
Contraindications |
Bronchial asthma; Respiratory depression; Upper airway obstruction
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Morphine Sulfate
Precautions |
Head trauma; alcoholism; increased intracranial pressure; pulmonary disease; renal disease
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Morphine Sulfate
Side Effects |
Respiratory depression; bradycardia; hypotension; nausea/vomiting.
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Morphine Sulfate
Onset (IM and IV) |
IM - 10-30 min
IV - < 1 min |
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Morphine Sulfate
Antidote |
Naloxone (Narcan)
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Nitroglycerin
What is it? |
Potent vasodilator
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Nitroglycerin
What does it do? |
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption.
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Nitroglycerin
Indications |
Angina, Acute MI, CHF w/ Pulmonary edema, HTN
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Nitroglycerin
Contraindications |
Erectile dysfunction medications, cerebral hemorrhage, hypotension, pericardial tamponade.
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Nitroglycerin
Precautions |
Anemia, hepatic disease, hypovolemia
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Nitroglycerin
Side Effects |
Headache, hypotension, syncope, local sensation/numbness
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Nitroglycerin
Onset |
2 min
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Epinephrine
What is it? |
Sympathomimetic
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Epinephrine
First drug of choice for what? |
ALL PULSELESS RHYTHMS
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Epinephrine
What does it do? |
Cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, decongestion.
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Epinephrine
Indications |
Cardiac arrest
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Epinephrine
Contraindications |
None in cardiac arrest
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Epinephrine
Precautions |
Narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy.
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Epinephrine
Side Effects |
Cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention, anxiety, fatal v-fib.
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Epinephrine
Routes and Concentrations |
IV: 10:000
ET: 1:1000 |
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Amiodarone
Trade Names |
Cordarone, Pacerone
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Amiodarone
What is it? |
Alpha and beta adrenergic blocker
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Amiodarone
What does it do? |
Increases myocardial cell action potential and refractory period. (A strong/slow heart).
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Amiodarone
Indications |
V-fib/V-tach arrest. Certain tachycardias.
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Amiodarone
Contraindications |
None in cardiac arrest. Marked bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree HB, Cardiogenic shock
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Amiodarone
Precautions |
Sensitive in geriatric pts.
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Amiodarone
Amount needed to cause side effects |
> 400 mg/day
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Amiodarone
Side Effects |
Pulmonary edema, CHF, hypotension, worsening arrhythmia, bradycardias, headache, n/v, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, photosensitivity, bleeding disorders
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Amiodarone
Maximum Plasma Effect time |
3-7 hours after initial dose
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Amiodarone
Duration |
Several days, up to 1-3 wks
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Lidocaine
Trade Name |
Xylocaine
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Lidocaine
What does it do? |
Shortens refractory period/supresses automaticity of ectopic foci. Does not effect conduction.
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Lidocaine
Indications |
Acute Ventricular Arrhythmias
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Lidocaine
Contraindications |
None in cardiac arrest. WPW.
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Lidocaine
Precautions |
CHF, respiratory depression, liver/kidney disease.
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Lidocaine
Side Effects |
Malignant hyperthermia, aggrevation of arrhythmias, dizziness, "doom anxiety" convulsions, LOC, difficulty breathing/swallowing
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Lidocaine
Onset |
45-90 sec
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Lidocaine
Drug interactions |
Beta Blockers, Phenytoin, Procainamide, Succinylcholine
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Procainamide
Trade Names |
Pronestyl, Procainabid
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Procainamide
What is it? |
Anticholinergic drug
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Procainamide
What does it do? |
Prolongs refractory period of the atria
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Procainamide
Indications |
Sustained/recurrent V-fib/V-tach
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Procainamide
Contraindications |
Lupus, Torsades de Pointes, Amiodarone use
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Procainamide
Precautions |
Increased risk of death in non life-threatening arrhythmias, CHF, liver/kidney dysfunction, cytopenia
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Procainamide
Side Effects |
Lupus-like symptoms, hypotension, Ventricular asystole/v-fib, n/v, diarrhea, dizziness, hepatitis, fever
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Procainamide
Onset |
1-5 minutes
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Procainamide
Duration |
3 hours
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Magnesium Sulfate
Trade Name |
Epsom Salt
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Magnesium Sulfate
What is it? |
Electrolyte.
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Magnesium Sulfate
What does it do? |
Depresses CNS, controlling convulsions.
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Magnesium Sulfate
Indications |
Hypomagnesemia, Torsades de Pointes
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Magnesium Sulfate
Contraindications |
Heartblock, myocardial damage
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Magnesium Sulfate
Precautions |
Renal patients
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Magnesium Sulfate
Side Effects |
CNS depression, hypotension, circulatory collapse, muscle paralysis, respiratory failure
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Magnesium Sulfate
Onset |
Immediate
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Magnesium Sulfate
Duration |
30 min
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Adenosine
Trade Names |
Adenocard, Adenoscan
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Adenosine
What is it? |
Antiarrythmic, coronary artery dilator
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Adenosine
What does it do? |
Slows tachycardias associated with the AV node, restores sinus rhythm, slows condutions time through SA/AV nodes
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Adenosine
Indications |
Converstion of PSVT or SVT when vagal maneuvers don't work
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Adenosine
Contraindications |
2nd/3rd degree AV blocks, WPW
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Adenosine
Precautions |
Asthma, hepatic failure, caffeine, renal failure, SVT induced by OD
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Adenosine
Side Effects |
Headache, lightheadedness, transient asystole/bradycardia/dyspnea, chest pain
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Adenosine
Onset |
20-30 sec
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Adenosine
Duration |
10 sec
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Diltiazem
Trade Name |
Cardizem
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Diltiazem
What is it? |
Calcium channel blocker
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Diltiazem
What does it do? |
Slows conduction through the AV node, reduces ventricular rates, reduces BP
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Diltiazem
Indications |
Control of tachycardic rates
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Diltiazem
Contraindications |
WPW, cardiogenic shock, CHF, 2nd/3rd degree HB, severe hypotension
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Diltiazem
Precautions |
Severe hepatic/renal impairment, lactation, pediatrics, pregnancy
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Diltiazem
Side Effects |
Dizziness, headache, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, chest pain, n/v
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Diltiazem
Onset |
2-5 min
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Furosemide
Trade Name |
Lasix
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Furosemide
What is it? |
Loop diuretic, vasodilator
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Furosemide
What does it do? |
Inhibits sodium (and thus water) reapsorption in renal tuble and loop of Henle. Vasodilates.
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Furosemide
Onset of vasodilation |
5 min
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Furosemide
Onset of diuresis |
5-15 min
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