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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In _______ heart block, the atrial impulse never gets through and the ventricles develop their own independent rhythm
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third degree
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a dysrhythmia characterized by a heart rate between 100 to 150 beats per minute, but with a regular rhythm
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sinus tachycardia
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Prolonged constriction of the pulmonary artery results in
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pulmonary hypertension
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The heart is a double pump—the right side facilitates
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pulmonary circulation
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The left side of the heart is responsible for
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systemic circulation.
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Many clients with mitral valve prolapse are
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asymptomatic
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_______therapy typically is used for clients with heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Cardiac resynchronization
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An electrical device used to manage a chronic bradydysrhythmia
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Implanted pacemaker
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In atrial fibrillation, the rate is grossly irregular and the atrial rate is between
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400 to 600
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treatment for atrial fibrillation is
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cardioversion and drug therapy
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In atrial fibrillation the atrial conduction is fast and ventricle rate is between
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100-160
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Supraventricular tachycardia treatment includes
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Valsalva's maneuver,unilateral carotid massage,immersion of face in ice water, administration of IV adenosine, cardioversion, and radiofrequency ablation
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Treatment for Sinus bradycardia
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Atropine
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Reduces the radius of the myocardial tissue in the left ventricle and increases the ventricular wall tension
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Partial ventriculectomy
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____is computed by dividing the cardiac output by the body surface area of the client
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Cardiac index
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If the right side of the heart fails to pump efficiently, blood becomes congested in the
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neck veins.
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Distention of the external jugular vein usually indicates
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increased fluid volume and pressure in the right side of the heart.
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This treatment is given to clients with mitral stenosis
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balloon valvuloplasty
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____within 72 hours to detect mitral regurgitation, left ventricular dysfunction, or pronounced atrial-septal defect
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Echocardiogram
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sometimes necessary to manage transient bradydysrhythmias, such as those during acute MIs, after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or to override tachydysrhythmias
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transvenous pacemaker
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The greater the stretch of the myocardium as the ventricles fill with blood, the stronger is the ventricular contraction.
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This phenomenon is called Starling's law
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It can be compared to the effect created by stretching a rubber band. The more the rubber band is stretched, the greater the snap effect when it is released.
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This phenomenon is called Starling's law
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develops because the reduction in the volume capacity of the left ventricle during inspiration is greater, combined with an impaired ability of the left ventricle to expand because of the rigid pericardium
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Pulsus paradoxus
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What signs and symptoms should a nurse note for cardiac tamponade and decreased cardiac output in a client with pericarditis
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The nurse should note muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus, jugular neck vein distention, persistent cough, dyspnea, fainting or near-fainting, anxiety, and changes in pulmonary function
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Complications of valvulotomy include
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mitral regurgitation, residual atrial-septal defect, perforation of the left ventricle, embolization, and myocardial infarction
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What are the characteristics of normal sinus rhythm
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The SA node initiates the impulse. The impulse travels to the AV node in 0.12 to 0.2 seconds. The ventricles depolarize in 0.12 seconds
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_____ develop to compensate for the decreased cardiac output and volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
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Tachydysrhythmias (fast abnormal heart rhythms)
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Why is it important for the nurse to weigh a client with mitral regurgitation
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determine changes in fluid balance
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Why are clients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome advised to restrict or eliminate alcohol intake
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Alcohol can suppress antidiuretic hormone, which leads to a loss of extracellular fluid
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Why does a nurse instruct a client with decreased cardiac output to maintain physical and emotional rest?
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Rest reduces tachycardia and may relieve the consequences of a tachydysrhythmia
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Clients recovering from cardiac surgery are at risk for ineffective tissue perfusion. The nurse ______ every hour
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encourages leg exercises
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leg exercises every hour when awake because _____propels venous blood toward the heart.
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contraction of skeletal leg muscles
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In dark-skinned clients, a grayish cast to the skin usually indicates _____
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pallor.
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After a cardiac catheterization, what should the nurse discuss with the client and family members
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Keep the extremity used for the catheterization straight and avoid movement for several hours
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What nursing interventions are required when caring for a client with a pulmonary embolus
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Maintain the client on bed rest. Administer prescribed anticoagulant therapy. Instruct the client to perform active leg exercises with the unaffected extremity
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a client with a pulmonary embolus monitor for
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dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, hypotension, abnormal lung sounds, or chest pain
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What assessment findings are typical in a client with Buerger's disease
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One or both feet are always cold. Some areas of the feet have numbness, burning, and tingling sensations. Intermittent claudication or leg cramps occur after exercise,
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Peripheral pulses are present during rest but diminish or disappear with activity related to this condition
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Buerger's disease
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What observations would the nurse expect when performing the physical examination of a client with aortic regurgitation
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Skin may be flushed and moist, especially in the upper body. The radial pulse may be very strong with quick and sharp beats followed by a sudden collapse of force,water-hammer pulse
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A heart murmur, caused by the turbulence of blood falling back through the dilated aortic valve, also may be heard with a client with
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aortic regurgitation
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What nursing interventions are involved when caring for a client after successful defibrillation
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Frequently monitor level of consciousness, ECG pattern, blood pressure, and pulse and respiratory rates
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What instructions should a nurse provide to clients with permanent pacemakers
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Palpate the pulse and count the rate for a full minute daily
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The nurse is caring for a client with tachycardia. The client is at risk for decreased cardiac output
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Avoid activities that involve the Valsalva's maneuver, such as straining with bowel elimination or using the arms to pull to reposition oneself.
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What points should a nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with heart failure
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Check weight at the same time each day using the same scale. Consult a physician if weight gained is more than 2 lb in 24 hours
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signs and symptoms of impending CHF
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(weight gain, ankle swelling, fatigue, dyspnea)
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What dysrhythmias are common in older adults
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heart failure
sinus bradycardia |
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What intervention should the nurse perform when a client with valvular disease has a HR of less than 60
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hold the drug and call MD
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What nursing intervention is performed before a elective cardioversion
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restrict food or oral intake
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Dietary recommendation for mitral prolaspe to compensate for hypovolemia
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liberal intake of fluid
adqeuate sodium intake |
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Crackles heard in the base of the lungs indicates _______
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pulmonary congestion
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A client with mitral regurgitation develops pulmonary congestion what symptoms are present
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SOB
Moist lungs sounds |
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Crackles heard in the base of the lungs indicates _______
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pulmonary congestion
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The nurse understands that the risk for pulmonary embolism is greatest for the client with:
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DVT's
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Posteral hypotension and tachycardia are assessment findings indicative of
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fluid volume deficit
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A pt. with CHF has edema,dyspnea and resting in a Semi-fowlers position, Each shift the nurse should
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check whether supplemental oxygen is needed
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What assessment technique is appropriate for the client with dependent edema:
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press on the ankle to assess for pitting edema
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The client's apical rate is regular at 48 beats per minute, which cardiac dysarrhythmia is this
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sinus bradycardia
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What is the major difference between angina pectoris and myocardial infarcation;angina pectoris is:
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is due to brief myocardial ischemia
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Following an MI, the client is to ambulate which problems would terminate walking the client:
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extreme fatique and dyspnea
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What is the primary cause of CHF:
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Pulmonary edema
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A client has thrombophelbitis and is given heparin injections, what nurse measure should be implemented during administration of heparin:
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rotate injection sites
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what information should be taught to a pt being discharged from thrombophelbitis of the leg:
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minimize walking to prevent trauma to the peripheral blood vessels
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A client diagnosed with cardiac dysrhythmias is prescribed digoxin what side effects are evident of digoxin toxicity:
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nausea and yellow halos around lights
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Which dietary restriction should reduce cholestrol in a client:
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restrict butter and bacon or saturated fats
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An client is recovering from a MI take aspirin daily what indicates aspirin toxicity:
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blood in the stools
ringing in the ears bleeding gums hematuria |
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A client is diagnosed with CHF and takes Lasix and has a potassium level of 3.2 what symptoms would the client be exhibiting:
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muscle weakness
heart palpatations |
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What eysrhythmia occurs frequently during the early postimplantation period of an internal pacemaker
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premature ventricular contractions
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A client with dysrhythmias ahs decreased cardiac output. What nursing interventions is essential to maintain adequate cardiac output:
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Provide supplemental oxygen
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What adverse effects should the a nurse check for when administratining lidocaine
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convulsions
cardiac arrest |
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A nurse is required to monitor a client with dysrhythmia during the administration of isoproterenol. What nursing intervention will help to determin the drug response:
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Monitor pulse
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_____ is used at a moment's notice to treat a life-threatening dysrhythmia and to restore norm sinus rhythm:
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defibrillation
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Which of the following determine th possibility of the client having CAD
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palpitation
chest pain |
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whay should a nurse assess a client's mental status after a transmyocardial revascularization procedure:
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cerebral emboli may occur
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What is the correct manner of estimating a cardiac risk
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divide total serum cholesterol level by the HDL level; result greater than 5 suggest a potentail for CAD
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C/O swollen and heavy legs. The client also informs the nurse that activity or elevation of the legs relieves the pain. What condition will the nurse suspect
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varicose veins
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What is the early indication of mitral valve stenosis:
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change in heart sounds
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Adverse symptoms of quinidine are
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tinnitus
H/A nausea |
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activity intolerance r/t valvualr disorder of the heart should include outcomes such as
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provide time for self care
intersperse periods of activity with rest |
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What symptom is the first sign of aortic regurgitation
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tachycardia
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What is the result of CNS maifestations
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chorea
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What may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiocyopathy
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heart murmur
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What blood vessels are commonly affected by thrombophelbitis
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deep vein in the lower extremities
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What is the diagnostic sign of percarditis
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pericardial friction rub
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