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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ARVD
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Atrial flutter
4:1 |
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Atrial ectopic tachycardia
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Atrial fibrillation
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Atrial flutter
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AVRT
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia |
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AVNRT
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AVNRT
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Brugada
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First Degree AV Block
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Junctional escape
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Long QT with Torsades
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Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
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Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia
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Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia
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Normal sinus rhythm
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PAC’s with Aberration
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Premature Atrial Contractions
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Premature Ventricular Contractions PVC’s
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PVCs Ventricular Bigeminy
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Sick sinus syndrome
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Sinus Tachycardia
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Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia
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Third Degree AV Block
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Torsades de Pointes
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Type I Second Degree AV Block Wenckebach
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Type II Second Degree AV Block
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Type II Second Degree AV Block
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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WPW AVRT
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What is the definition of sinus bradycardia?
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Normal rhythm but HR<60bpm
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What is the definition of sinus tachycardia?
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Normal rhythm but HR>100bpm
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What causes junctional escape?
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If SA node is suppressed or diseased, AV node takes over.
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What causes ventricular escape?
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If AV & SA nodes are suppressed-->His fibers
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What is an early afterdepolarization?
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Positive changes in the membrane potential that occur in phase 2 or 3
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What is a late afterdepolarization?
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Positive changes in membrane potential that occur after repolarization is complete
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What is seen in junctional escape?
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QRS is narrowed
P wave is absent or occurs after QRS complex; can be upside down |
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What is seen in ventricular escape?
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QRS is widened
P wave is absent or occurs after QRS complex; can be upside down |
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What is seen in first-degree AV block?
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Prolongation of PR interval (>5 small boxes or >0.2 sec)
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What causes first-degree AV block?
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impairment of conduction in AV node
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What is seen in type I second degree AV block?
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Degree of AV delay gradually increases until impulse is completely blocked and a P wave is not followed by a QRS complex for a single beat
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What is seen in type II second degree AV block?
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Sudden intermittent loss of AV conduction (QRS complex) w/o preceding gradual lengthening of PR interval
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What causes type II second degree AV block?
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Conduction block beyond the AV node
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What is seen in third degree AV block?
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no relationship between P waves & QRS complexes
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What causes third degree AV block?
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acute MI
drug toxicity (digoxin) chronic degeneration of conduction system |
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What is seen with APBs/PACs?
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Earlier than normal P wave with abnormal shape (usually higher than normal)
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What causes PACs?
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Automaticity or reentry in the atrial focus outside the SA node
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What is seen with VPBs?
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Widened QRS complex (>120msec) occurring early and NOT preceded by a P wave
P wave follows in ST segment after QRS complex |
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What causes VPBs?
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Can happen when ectopic ventricular focus fires an AP
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What is seen in AVNRT?
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Tachycardia
Usually triggered by PAC P wave seen just beyond QRS w/interval of <120msec P wave may be bured in QRS complex |
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What is seen in AVRT?
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Tachycardia, narrow complex
P wave is >120msec beyond the onset of QRS-->usually in distal ST segment or in T wave |
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What is seen in atrial ectopic tachycardia?
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Tachycardia
P wave is upsdie down, often |
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What causes atrial ectopic tachycardia?
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either automaticity of atrial focus or reentry
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What is seen in multifocal atrial tachycardia?
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at least 3 different P wave morphologies seen w/return to baseline after each one
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What can cause Torsades de Pointes?
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Low K+ or Mg2+
Drugs that prolong AP duration Long QT |
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What is seen in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD)?
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T wave inversion in V1-V3 w/notched R' wave
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What causes ARVD?
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Desmosomes or ryanodine receptors
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What is the inheritance pattern of ARVD?
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AD
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What is the inheritance pattern of Brugada?
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AD
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What causes Brugada?
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Na channel subunit mutations
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What is the inheritance pattern of long QT syndrome?
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Romano Ward=AD
Jervelle & Lange-Nielsen=AR w/deafness |
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What causes long QT syndrome?
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Mutations in Na or K channels
At least 12 mutations |
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What is the inheritance pattern of familial catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia?
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AD or AR
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What causes FCPVT?
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mutations in Ca handling genes leading to DADs
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What is the result of FCPVT?
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V-tach or fibrillation w/emotional stress or exercise
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