Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Signal pathway in the heart |
SA (pace maker/ fastest rate of depo) AV (Slows signal which allows atria to contract before ventricle) Bundle of his Purkinji system Ventricles contract |
|
|
Class 1A-C Sodium Channel blockers |
Block Voltage sensitive Na channels on Ventricular muscles. These show high likely degree of blockage of cells that are discharging at a high rate. |
|
|
Class 1A |
Shows moderate slowing of PHASE 0 depolarization on cardiac myocytes These inhibit K channels, slow phase 3 and increase ERP duration **also has anti cholinergic activity *****THESE SLOW PHASE 0***** |
|
|
Phase 0 |
The stage of rapid depolarization |
|
|
Class 4 arrhythmia Drugs Ca Channel blockers |
Dilitiazem-(less AE than Verapamil) Verapamil MOA- blocks movement of Ca into the heart and blood vessels in muscle cells AE- Peripheral Edema, Dizzy flushing, HA, Hypotension |
|
|
Which of the Ca channel blockers causes the least amount of AE? Verapamil or Dilitiazem? |
Dilitiazem AE- Peri Edema, DIZZY flushing, HA, HypoT |
|
|
InoTropic glycosides (DIGIGTALIS) |
Digitalis MOA- inhibits Na/K ATPase on myocardial cells AE- YELLOWED VISION Caution when taking it with Ca channel blockers |
|
|
Statins |
* for dislipidemia MOA- inhibits cholesterol Biosynthesis in the liver. Increases LDL receptors on liver, to increase LDL uptake from the blood to DECREASE LDL AE- increased # liver enzymes, myopathy,rhabdomyolysis (muscles break down and peed out=Brown Urine) |
|
|
Which drugs could cause a pt to have Brown Pee (rhabdomyolosis)? |
Statins |
|
|
Niacin |
MOA- inhibits Lipolysis in Adipose tissue to reduce free fatty acids. Liver uses FFA to stun triglyceride VDL and LDL levels |
|
|
Fibrates |
Dislipidemia -Gemfibrozil - Fenofibrate Binds to PPAR to increase lipase production which removes TG from from Blood stream. Also increases APO A1 and A2 to increase HDL |
|
|
What do Fibrates do ? |
THEY INCREASE HDL levels. |
|
|
Bile Acid Binding Resin |
Colesevelam Colestipol Cholestyramine MOA- Bind to Bile Salts, increasing their excretion! This drives the productions of bile salts from Cholesterol. Increase LDL Uptake from Liver AE- not absorbed, totally excreted in feces. GI |
|
|
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor |
Ezetimibe Reduces the amount of Cholestrol that moves from the intestines. Liver reduces hepatic cholesterol stores, increase clearance of cholesterol. decreases LDL, Triglycerides increases HDL |
|
|
Quinidine Disopyramide |
Inhib Na channels on myocytes to depress AP Inhibits K channels which slows phase 3 and increases ERP ADVERSE EFF- Tachy, dry mouth, urinary retention. DISOPYRAMIDE has the most anti cholinergic effect |
|
|
Sedatives, Hypnotics |
H |
|
|
Alzheimer’s drugs |
AChesterase inhibitors NMDA Antagonists Biological |
|
|
Alz AChesterase INhibitors |
RIvastigmine Doneprezil |
|
|
ALZ NMDA Antagonists |
Memantine (Nameda) MOA- reduces Ca influx 2nd choice behind ACh |
|
|
ALZ Biological |
Aducanumab (Aduhelm) MOA- Amyloid Beta direct antibody |
|
|
Which one of these Alz drugs uses direct acting antibodies against amyloid Beta |
A. Rivastigmine B. Aducanumab C. Memantine D. DOneprezil Remember Doneprezil/ Rivastigmine are ACH inhib Memantine is an NMDA antag Aducanumab uses antibodies |
|
|
Parkinson’s disease Classes |
Dopamine precursor Dopamine Decarboxylase inhib MAO inhibitors Catechol-O- Methyltran inhib Dopamine Antag Anti-Musc Agent |
|
|
Parkinson’s Dopamine Precursor |
Levodopa -gets through BBB and gets metabolized to Dopamine |
|
|
Parkinson’s Dopa Decarboxylase inhibitors |
Carbidopa -Reduces Peri metabolism of Levodopa. Increases the amount of dopamine to the brain Sx= mydriasis, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation |
|
|
Parkinson’s MAO inhibitors |
Selegiline (edlepryl) -reduces Dopamine in the Brain |
|
|
Lidocaine |
Modest inhibition of Na channel on myocyte to depress AP Adverse reactions- NYSTAGMUS @ Toxic Levels |
|
|
Park Catechol-O- Meth transferase inh |
Group |
|
|
Parkinson’s Dopamine Agonists |
Bromocriptine (Parlodel) Ropinirole ( Requipt) MOA- binds/act dopamine receptors and activates them |
|
|
Parkinson’s Anti-muscarinic agent (Atropine) |
Benzotropine (cogentic) Procyclidine (Kemadrin) MOA- Blocks cholinergic Muscarinic receptors= Less ACh *improves rigidity and tremors of Parkinson’s* |
|
|
Which one of these drugs is used to remove the rigidity of Parkinson’s? |
A. Bromocriptine B. Seligine C. Levodopa D. Procycline
**Procycline and Benzotropine are anti Muscarinic agents and are used to relieve rigidity and tremors of Parkinson’s** |
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis Drugs |
Biological Immunosuppressive Agent Immunomodular Medications |
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis Interferon Monoclonal antibody |
Diminishes Inflammatory response Alters Lymphocyte migration resulting in fewer Lymphocytes in CNS |
|
|
MS Immunosuppressive Agent |
Fingolimod (Gilenya) Alters Lympho migration= fewer Lympho in CNS ***MACULAR EDEMA*** |
|
|
MS Immunomodular Medication |
Glatiramer Acetate (Capoxone) MOA- Synthetic Polypeptide that resembles myelin protein and acts as a decoy for T-Cell attack |
|
|
Anti Seizure medications -antiepileptic agents |
Vigabatrin (Sabril) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Lomatrigine (Lamictal) Topiramate ( Topamax)
Side effects Sedation, WEight GAIN AR= Peripheral VF loss , Diplopia, blurry vision |
|
|
Anti- DEPRESSANTS |
* tricyclic anti- depressants * MAO INHIBITORS * SELECTIVE SERATONIN reuptake inhibitors * Serotonin-NorEpi Reuptake inhibitors *Atypical Antidepressants |
|
|
Flecainide Propane one |
MAX INHIB of Na channels PROPAFENONE has B blocking activity ADV EFF- Blurry vision, dizzy, nausea |
|
|
Tricyclic antidepressants |
Imipramine (Tofrantil) MOA- Serotonin/NorEpi reuptake inhibitors by blocking SERT/ NET Anti-muscarinic (Mydriasis)-Angle Closure Glaucoma risk. |
|
|
AntiDepressants MAO inhibitors |
Isocarboxazid (Marplan) MOA- inhibits the enzymes MAO=MORE CATECHOLAMINES AVAILABLE) **MUST AVOID TYRAMINE RICH FOODS = could lead to hypertensive crisis ** |
|
|
Antidepressants SSRI |
Fluoxetine (Prozac) -shuts down Transporter that returns seratonin to the pre-synaptic neuron (leaves more Seratonin in system) -can lead to Serotonin Syndrome |
|
|
Antidepressants Ser-Nor reup inhibitor |
Duloxetine (cymbalta) |
|
|
Antidepressants Atypical Antidepressants |
Buproprion (Wellbutrin) MOA-NorEpi-Dopamine reup inhib Sexual dysfunction l |
|
|
Antipsychotic agents |
Haoperidol (Haldol) 1st G Clozaprine (Cloralil) 2nd G Aripiprazole (Abilify) 3rd gen Rispiprazole ( Risperdal) 3rd G |
|
|
Substance Abuse disorder |
Opioid Receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Opioid Receptor Antagonist |
Naltrexone (Vivitrol)- Methadone (Methadoes) Acomprosate (Compral) Disuliram (Antabuse) -reduces urges **irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase ** AE can cause nausea and vomiting when person drinks alcohol |
|
|
Sedatives and hypnotics |
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Non-benzodiazepines NMDA antagonists |
|
|
Sedatives/hypnotics Barbituates |
Phenobarbital (Solfoton) **GABA receptor Agonists** -anesthetic anticonvulsants Anxiety Insomnia SA= Tolerance,dependance lethal overdoes SEVER WITHDRAWAL |
|
|
Class 2 Beta ADR receptor blockers (OLOL) |
Metoprolol Atenolol MOA- blocks B receptors which decrease Phase 4 Slope in AV/SA thus decreases HR |
|
|
Hypnotics Benzodiazepines |
Diazepam (Valium) Alprazolam (Xanax) Increases affinity for GABA binding Tx=insomnia, anxiety, panic attacks, seizures SA= Hangover, constipation, mild withdrawal eff |
|
|
Hypnotics Non-Benzodiazepines |
Zolpidem (ambien) Eszopiclone (Lunesta) MOA- binds to GABA receptors For Insomnia SA- short term memory loss, unusual sleeping behavior |
|
|
Hypnotics NMDA antagonists |
Ketamine Glutamate release in brain to block NMDA receptors on inhib neurons -anesthetic, analgesic, anti depressant Less side effects than other anesthetics because it does not reduce respiration or HR |
|
|
True or False PROPAFENONE has B Blocking effects? |
True Propafenone is involved with max inhib Na on myocytes |
|
|
Which of these drugs has the most inhib of Na channels? |
A. Lidocaine B. Quinidine C. Disopyramide D. Propafenone
remember Disopyramide and Quinidine are moderate Na inhib and Lidocaine is a modest Na inhib while PROPAFENONE is a Max inhib |
|
|
Which drug can cause Nystagmus when at toxic levels? |
Lidocaine |
|
|
Potassium channel blocker “DARONEs” |
Amidarone Dronedarone MOA-Block the flow of k out of myocyte. Prolongs Phase 3 depolarization Without altering Phase 0 Adverse Eff- Bradycardia Blindness, corneal deposits |
|
|
The Darone drugs are in what category and what is there end effect? |
The Darone drugs (Amidarone, Dronedarone) are K channel blockers. They prolong phase 3 depolarization while not effecting phase 0 |
