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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
INOTROPIC
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Contraction of heart muscle
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squeeze
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CHRONOTROPIC
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Heart Rate
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Similar to a ticking clock
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DROMOTROPIC
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Conduction of electrical impulses in the heart
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electric
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CHF - Congestive Heart Failure treated by these two types of drugs
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Glycosides and Diuretics: Thiazides, Loop, Potassium sparing, Osmotic, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Treat the back up in heart
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Type of drug to treat Hypertension
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Anti-hypertensive Agents: Sympatholitic, Vasodilating, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)
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renin stimulates constriction of heart
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Drugs to treat Hypercholesterol
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Anti-lipemics: Bile sequestering agents and Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors
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Cholesterol lowering agents
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Drugs used to treat Angina
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Anti-Angina agents: Nitrates, Beta Adrenergic Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers
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Stops the chest pain in 3 ways
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brady-
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slow
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tachy-
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fast
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SVT
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Supraventricular Tachycardia
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ECG
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Electrocardiogram
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stat
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immediately
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SL
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sublingual
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Dynamics of Thiazides
Chlorothiazide - Diurel |
Interfere with transport of Na ions across renal epithelium
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Keeps water in kidneys to flush system
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Side effects of Thiazides
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Orthostatic hypotension
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia |
Na and K levels
BP |
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Drug Interactions of Thiazides
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Oral Hypoglycemics
Corticosteroids Digoxin |
d/t diuresis meds may not stay in system for wanted effects
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Nursing considerations for Thiazides
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Crosses placenta and secreted in breast milk, monitor serum Na and K+ levels, administer in AM or early afternoon (to prevent interruption of sleep) d/t increased diuresis
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Kinetics of Loop Diuretics
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RAPID onset
Produces greater volume of diuresis than other diuretics |
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Dynamics of Loop Diuretics
Furosemide - Lasix |
Inhibit Na reabsorption by direct action on ascending Loop of Henle
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Side effects of Loop diuretics
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Orthostatic hypotension
Hypokalemia Hyponatremia |
same as Thiazides
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Drug Interactions of Loop Diuretics
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Oral hypoglycemic agents
Lithium Digoxin Phenytoin |
rapid excretion
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Important nursing considerations for Loop Diuretics
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Monitor serum potassium and sodium levels, monitor diabetic patient's serum glucose level
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Dynamics of Potassium sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone - Aldactone |
Decreases secretion of K+ and increases secretion of Na and Cl
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it's in the name
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Side effects of Potassium sparing diuretics
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Muscle cramps
Orthostatic hypotension |
Increased potassium, increased heartbeat and hyperkalemia
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Nursing considerations for Potassium-sparing diuretics
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Monitor for hyperkalemia - Confusion, muscle weakness, arrhythmias, diarrhea; Monitor serum electrolyte levels; administer meds in AM
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Drug interactions of Potassium sparing diuretics
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K+ supplements - can cause overload
Digoxin Salicylates |
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Route for Osmotic diuretic
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Only given IV
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Dynamic of Osmotic diuretic
Mannitol |
Shift of fluid from entire body
Increase excretion of water, sodium, and chloride by increasing osmoality of the plasma |
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Side effects of Osmotic diuretics
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CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD - build up of fluid, kidney overworked
tachycardia h/a blurred vision urinary retention |
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Nursing consideration for Osmotic diuretic
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STRICT RECORD OF INTAKE AND OUTPUT must be equal amount
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fluids
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Dynamics of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide |
INDUCE DIURESIS - very poor
reduces aqueous humor formation |
Therapeutic - Glaucoma
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Drug interactions of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Sulfa Drugs
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Dynamics of Cardiac Glycosides
Digoxin - Lanoxin |
Positive inotropic action
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Drug interactions of Cardiac Glycosides
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Potassium sparing diuretics
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers |
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Signs of Digitalis Toxicity
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RESTLESSNESS, IRRITABILITY
CONFUSION, DISORIENTATION BLURRED VISION WHITE HALOS ON DARK OBJECTS n/v/d Arrhythmias - d/t potassium |
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Normal Therapeutic drug level of Digoxin
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0.5 - 2.0 ng/ml
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Normal Serum Potassium Level
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3.5 - 5.0
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