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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is echolalia?
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Immitation of a verbal model
Immitate what they hear. They may not understand what they repeat. |
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When acquiring language is the child an active or passive participant according to the behaviorists? The social ineractionists?
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Active
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What does Piaget mean by adaption?
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How they adapt to new knowledge, they accommodate or assimilate.
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Are all languages governed by the same rules?
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No
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According to Vygotsky, what is the purpose of language?
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Language is a way a child develops cognition and communication because they want to be social and be a part of the people around them.
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Private speech is a concept related to which theorist?
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Lev Vygotsky
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Does Noam Chomsky believe that language is innate?
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Yes
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Define what perception refers to according to the Information Processing Theory.
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Selecting, organizing, integrating, and interpreting sensory information.
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What is a mand?
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A request/demand.
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What does babbling consist of?
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Vowels and consonants.
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What is a schema?
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A concept, mental category, or cognitive structure to organize items in our environment.
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What is object permanence?
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Things exist even if you can't see them.
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What is the child doing with new information if she is assimilating versus accommodating?
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Assimilation is taking a new stimulus and incorporating it into an existing schema.
Accommodation is when you incorporate new stimuli that does not fit into an already existing schema. |
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What is the primary advantage of the vocal-auditory channel?
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This feature is convenient because it allows us to be efficient communicators in conjunction with other physical task.
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Where do the nativists believe that language comes from?
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Language is innate/biological
Language acquisition device (LAD) |
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Non-Linguistic cues
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Things that add to the conversation without using words or making a sound.
Facial expressions, posture, eye contact, gestures, waving, etc. |
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Paralinguistic cues
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How we say things.
Tone of voice, loudness, Intonation/melody, stress, rate, exaggerating words. |
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Metalinguistic
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Understanding language and recognizing the humor in it.
Ability to understand jokes, puns, rhyming,etc. Like having a favorite word and finding humor in it because you like to say it or not liking a word. |
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Morpheme
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The smallest grammatical unit that has meaning.
Free morphemes hat, car, computer, sandbox bound morpheme includes suffixes and prefixes, running |
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Phoneme
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Smallest unit of sound that has a meaning
44 phonemes in English |
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Syntax
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Rules
Word order and relationship amoung words |
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Morphology
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Rules for the internal organization of words/word form
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Phonology
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Rules regarding structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds
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Semantics
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Rules governing meaning/content of words and word combinations.
Semantic features are specific to our own knowledge in our lexicon. |
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Pragmatics
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The social use of language
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What are some characteristics of motherese?
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Short, simple sentences
Repetition of child utterances Higher pitch, exaggerated intonation Lots of questions and commands Significant pauses in speech Talking about the present Most useful between 18-24 months. |
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What does the research reveal about motherese and language acquisition?
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No conclusive evidence to confirm it is essential in facilitating language acquisition.
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What is an agentive (Agent)?
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The initiator of an action
The QUARTERBACK threw the ball. |
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What is an instrumental?
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An inanimate object that is the means by which an action occurred.
He opened the door with his KEY. I ate my spaghetti with my FINGERS. |
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What does the notion of a language acquisition devise enable us to do?
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Language processor that knows about languages in general.
Contains universal rules for all languages. Language not learned through environment or teaching. |
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What does the concept means-end refer to?
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Problem-solving, figuring out ways to get things done.
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What do the behaviorists believe about language acquisition?
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Language is learned
Environment is the most critical and important factor. |
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Are the environment and caregivers relationships important concepts in language acquisition according to the social interactionists?
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Yes
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Are the environment and caregivers relationships important concepts in language acquisition according to the nativists?
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No
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What do the behaviorists believe is the most important factor in language acquisition?
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Environment is the most important critical and important factor.
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What is egocentrism?
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Means that the child sees and understands the world only as an extension of himself.
At birth and through the first 3 substages of the sensorimotor period, the child is egocentric. |
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What is distancing?
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a basic perceptual principle affecting those cognitive changes that apparently precede and lay the foundation for language acquisition.
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Displacement
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Back to the Future
Humans can talk about things that are distant in time and space. Advantage- No limit about when you say something, with whoever, whenever Disadvantage- speaking at the wrong time |
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Productivity
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The creativity of the mind and mouth
This is one of the most important design features of the human speech We have the ability to be creative in our communication efforts. Advantage- we will never run out of things to say Disadvantage- sentences may not be accurate, or appropriate, may be silly. |
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Specialization
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Speech is for talking- What else?
Speech is specifically designed for communication and serves no other purpose. |
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Total feedback
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Did I say that?... Did I mean that?
We monitor what we say and how we say it. We get feedback from our senses *Someone looks confused when you are talking to them, by your eyes you can see that. |
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Interchangeability
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If you can say it, I can say it
Any human being can say anything that is said by any other human being. Males and females produce the same speech forms. |
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Traditional Transmission
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Born to talk
Speech is instinctive to human We have genetic or biological capacity for language so powerful that few environmental factors can stop the acquisition of speech. |
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Semanticity
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Sending messages loud and clear
Human convey very specific messages with words having relatively stable relationships with the people, things, events , and concepts they represent. There is a word for everything |
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Rapid Fading
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Hear today, gone tomorrow
Rapid fading means that speech signals do not linger...they "fade rapidly" We can't freeze-frame speech hit ear and go away-you say something and its gone Disadvantage- you can't take it back vs. email you can backspace. |
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Expansion
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When a caregiver responds to her child's early utterances.
Child says " Mommy work" Adult says " Yes, mommy went to work" |
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Which theorists believes that cognitive development and therefore language development, occur in a step-by-step developmental order.
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Jean Piaget
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During Piaget's sensorimotor substage___ a child is more social, is much more attentive and is beginning to babble.
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3
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By the end of the sensorimotor substage three, the child begins to produce combinations of cowel-like and consonant-like sounds referred to as______
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Babbling
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Even before the child begins to produce his first meaningful words, intentional communication can be observed in Piaget's sensorimotor substage_____
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4
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As young as 18 months, might begin to exhibit______
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Two-word utterances
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Which of the following refers to a child's ability to represent thoughts, ideas and objects internally or mentally?
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Symbolic representation
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The child who sees and understands the world only as an extension of himself is said to be________
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Egocentric
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When a child is able to figure out ways to acomplish goals, he understands the concept of
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Means-end
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I can say that another human being has said. This is known as which of the following design features proposed by Charles Hockett?
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Interchangeablitity
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Phonation or the production of sound/voice is not possible without which of the following structures?
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Vocal folds
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Which of the following design features proposed by Charles Hockett accounts for the fact that our hands are free to do other things while we are verbally communicating?
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Vocal/auditory channel
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__________ is the oral expression of language
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Speech
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The Semaphore Flag signalling system discussess in class is an example of how_____ can exist in the absence of ___________
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Language/speech
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Paralinguistic cues include which of the following?
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Intonation
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a ____ morpheme is one that can stand alone and have a specific meaning
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Free
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___ is the study of the internal organization of words and how they are put together
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Morphology
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