Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 General Categories of Structural Systems Used In Historical Buildings
|
Pyramids, Arches, Domes
|
|
Line (Types)
|
Vertical – Represents dignity, formality, stability, and strength
Horizontal – Represents calm, peace, and relaxation Diagonal – Represents action, activity, excitement, and movement Curved – Represents freedom, the natural, having the appearance of softness, and creates a soothing feeling or mood |
|
Color
|
Has a profound effect on a design
Bright colors create a festive feeling and sense of excitement. Warm Colors: Red, Orange, Yellow Cool Colors: Blue, Purple, Green |
|
Form
|
(3D)
The shape and structure of something as distinguished from its substance or material. The composition of geometric shapes. |
|
Shape
|
(2D)
The two-dimensional contour that characterizes an object or area. Shape can be described as the contour, profile, or silhouette. |
|
Space
|
By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce the visual space. Types: Open, uncluttered spaces Cramped, busy spaces Unused vs. good use of space |
|
Texture
|
The surface look or feel of something
Smooth Surface – Reflects more light and therefore is a more intense color. Rough Surface – Absorbs more light and therefore appears darker. |
|
Value
|
The relative lightness or darkness of a color
Methods Shade – Degree of darkness of a color Tint – A pale or faint variation of a color |
|
Balance
|
Parts of the design are equally distributed to create a sense of stability. Both physical and visual balance exist.
Types Symmetrical or formal balance Asymmetrical or informal balance Radial balance Vertical balance Horizontal balance |
|
Rhythm
|
Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture or pattern
Types Regular rhythm Graduated rhythm Random rhythm Gradated rhythm |
|
Emphasis
|
The feature in a design that attracts one’s eye – the focal point
Emphasis can be achieved through size, placement, shape, color, and/or use of lines |
|
Proportion And Scale
|
Comparative relationships between elements in a design with respect to size
3:5 ratio is known as the Golden Mean |
|
Movement
|
Flow or feeling of action
|
|
Contrast
|
Noticeably different
It STANDS OUT Can be created with Color Proportion and scale Shape Texture Etc. |
|
Unity
|
Unity is achieved by the consistent use of lines, color, material, and/or texture within a design.
|
|
Art Deco
|
-has a star burst feature
-Chrysler Building -any material, steel to brick -can be very tall |
|
Arts And Crafts
|
-1-3 stories
-tends to be build out of wood -roofs on top of roofs |
|
Bungalow
|
-Has a sloping roof with dormer window
-Offset door -Overhanging eaves |
|
Cape Cod
|
-1 story typical
-Central Front Door with 2 paned windows on either side -Detached 2 car gararge |
|
Contemporary
|
-tall windows
-unusual mixtures of materials, wood, stone, brick -1 story high |
|
Counter Culture
|
-can be domes, crazy designs...
-everything that is unrecognizable |
|
Cubic
|
-tends to be in cubes or square shaped
-L-shaped |
|
Dutch
|
-wood or brick
-gambrel roof |
|
English
|
i
|
|
Farmhouse
|
-1-2 story
-simple -not asthetic |
|
Federal
|
-bricks
-low pitched roof -can have white pillars -symmetric windows |
|
French
|
-steep hipped roofs
-flared eaves -many dormers -stone typical -multi paned windows |
|
Garrison
|
-overhanging second story
-wooden siding |
|
Georgian
|
-chimneys on both sides
-paneled front door |
|
Greek Revival
|
-entry porch with columns
-symmetrical shape -heavy cornice (gargoyles...) |
|
International
|
-high use of glass and steel
-Flat Roof -can be an entirely blank wall -rectangular |
|
Italianate
|
-arches over windows and doors
-square cupolas (tower at top) -3-4 stories |
|
Modern
|
-Emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines
-simple form -very different, international |
|
Neo-Eclectic
|
-very modern day
-60's and up -Brick, Stone, Vinyl |
|
Neolithic
|
-STONEHEDGE!
|
|
Normandy
|
-stone mainly
-mini castles |
|
Prairie Style
|
-horizontal lines
-gently sloping roofs -heavy set chimneys -large overhangs |
|
Queen Anne
|
-hipped roofs
-many windows -overhanging eaves -polygonal roofs |
|
Ranch
|
-1 story only
-hipped roof -very simple, universal almost |
|
Saltbox
|
-low rear roof line
-long sloping roof |
|
Shed
|
-planar angled roofs
-intersect in the middle but at different levels |
|
Southern Colonial
|
-1-3 dormers
-columns over the door -overhang with columns sometimes |
|
Spanish
|
-Red Stucco Tiles as the roof
|
|
Split Level
|
-door opens to a landing with a set of stairs
-has half floors -typically 3 or more levels |
|
Tudor
|
-has the Tudor Arch
-shallow arch with a point as its apex |
|
Victorian
|
-has a cone at the one of its roofs
|
|
Primary Duties, Attributes of A Civil Engineer
|
-inspect proposed sites
-write detailed reports of what is ok to build on the site -they check the safety of the project throughout its duration Attributes -driven -imaginative/creative -careful/exact |
|
Primary Duties, Attributes of A Civil Architect
|
-plan/design
-oversight on the project Attributes -can communicate well with others -imaginative |
|
Traditional Path To Becoming A Civil Engineer
|
Most Civil Engineers attend a 4 year school, obtain a master’s degree, and then combine experience and exam completion to obtain licensure and the title of Professional Engineer (PE).
Civil engineering technicians (2 year degree) and technologists (4 year degree) work closely with civil engineers. |
|
Traditional Path To Becoming A Civil Architect
|
Licensing involves earning a professional degree from an NAAB approved school, at least 3 years experience, and passing Architect Registration Exams
|
|
Specialty Disciplines Associated With Civil Engineers
|
Structural
Environmental Geotechnical Water Resources Transportation Construction Urban Planning |
|
Value Of A Charrette
|
You can get many different ideas from different engineers and architects in the charrette
You can also make sure what you are doing is legal... |
|
Typical Components Of A Residential Framing System
|
Look At The Photo
|
|
Hipped Roof
|
Angled up on 4 sides but not like a pyramid
|
|
Shed roof
|
Angled roof, one side only
|
|
Gambrel Roof
|
A symmetrical roof with two slopes
|
|
Gable Roof
|
a roof with two sloping side, like a triangle from the side
|
|
Hipped and Dormer Roof
|
A hipped roof with a half gable roof sticking out the side
|