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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Prokaryote
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single celled organism lacking defined cellular organelles or a nucleus
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Parts of a Cell
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Cell Wall
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Outside, rigid layer that helps separate the inside and outside of both prokaryotic and plant cells
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Parts of a Cell
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Cytoplasm
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rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that house organelles
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Parts of a Cell
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Organelles
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tiny organ
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Parts of a Cell
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Nucleoid
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condensed DNA of a cell
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Parts of a Cell
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Plasmids
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small circular portions of DNA not associated with the nucleoid
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Parts of a Cell
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Ribosomes
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organelle responsible for synthesizing protein within the cell from amino acids
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Parts of a Cell
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Flagella
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long, whip-like structure used for cellular movement in certain prokaryotic cells
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Parts of a Cell
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Eukarya
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organism that contains cellular organelles; organism that has cells that contain nuclei (protists, plants, fungi, and animals)
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Parts of a Cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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tubular transport network with the cell that appears as a stack of flattened membranous sacs
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Parts of a Cell
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Secretion
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process of moving proteins outside of the cell
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Parts of a Cell
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Golgi apparatus
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structure involved in packaging and transporting proteins in the cell
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Parts of a Cell
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Vesicles
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small membrane-bound sacs within the cytoplasm used to transport proteins or other substances in and out of a cell
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Parts of a Cell
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Vacuole
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basic storage unit of a cell that can hold various compounds
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Parts of a Cell
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Lysosome
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organelle containing digestive enzymes capable of disposing of cellular debris and worn cellular parts
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Parts of a Cell
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Peroxisome
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organelle used to rid the body of toxic components
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Parts of a Cell
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Mitochondria
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power house of the cell
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Parts of a Cell
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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cellular fuel; produced in the mitochondria
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Parts of a Cell
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Cristae (singular: crista)
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series of folds formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
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Parts of a Cell
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Microtubules
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cellular tracks that form the mitotic spindle during mitosis
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Parts of a Cell
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Centrosomes
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microtubule organizing center that helps to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
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Parts of a Cell
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Nucleus
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central region of an atom; large organelle that is the control center of the entire cell
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Parts of a Cell
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Nucleolus
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small body within the nucleus that functions to produce ribosomes that are then moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins
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Parts of a Cell
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Chloroplasts
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organelle that contains chlorophyll and is found in plants; used to carry out photosynthesis
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Parts of a Cell
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Where is ATP production in a cell?
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Mitochondria
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Parts of a Cell
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Which of these cell parts are NOT found in plant cells?
a) Cell Walls b) Pair of Centrioles c) Chloroplasts d) Vacuoles |
B) A pair of centrioles is only found in animal cells. Plant cells can have cell walls, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
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Which of these molecules is NOT found in cells?
a) Proteins, b) Lipids, c) Sugars, d) All of these molecules are found in cells. |
D) All of these molecules are found in cells. Proteins can be found in the cytoskeleton and the membrane. Lipids are found in the cell membranes. Sugars can be found in the mitochondria or chloroplasts.
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Which are terms associated with cell division?
Cut and Clone Transcription and Translation Mitosis and Meiosis Divide and Conquer |
Mitosis and Meiosis are two different types of cell division. Mitosis is the asexual duplication of a cell. Mitosis results in two complete cells. Meiosis is the process of cell division that is used in sexual reproduction. The result of meiosis is four cells that are able to combine with other cells to form a new cell with a new genetic makeup. The terms translation and transcription were close, but while translation is used in cell division, transcription a process used to make proteins.
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Which of the following is present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a) golgi apparatus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Mitochondrion d) Cytoplasm |
d) cytoplasm is in both cells
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In prokaryotic (bacterial) cells, the DNA is located in the _______, and in eukaryotic (animal/plants) cells, the DNA is found in the ___________.
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nucleoid; nucleus
In bacteria, which lack nuclei, the large-massed nucledoids are found in the cytoplasm. In animals and plants, the nucleus separates the cytoplasm from DNA. |
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Mitosis
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process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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Meiosis
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process by which gametes reduce their DNA content
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Mitosis & Meiosis |
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Gametes
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cells of reproduction
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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Diploid cells
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containing two sets of chromosomes
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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Haploid cells
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one set of chromosomes
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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homologous
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similar in size and function
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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chromatids
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one of a pair of newly duplicated chromosomes that are still attached to one another; a pair of matching "sister" chromatids make up the duplicated chromosome
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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metaphase plate
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disc extending across the nuclear area on which the chromosomes are found at metaphase just prior to separation of the chromosomes during mitosis
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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cytokinesis
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division and separation of the cytoplasm from one cell into two new cells; is accomplished by pinching off of the cell membrane to form two cells while simultaneously synthesizing an additional membrane to help in the process; begins in late anaphase and completes in telophase
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Mitosis & Meiosis
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During meiosis, a ______ cell will give rise to four _______ cells. |
diploid; haploid The original diploid cell will undergo two divisions to create four haploid cells. |
Mitosis & Meiosis
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TRUE or FALSE Mitosis and meiosis occur in all types of cells. |
FALSE Mitosis occurs to replace old cells in all cells types; while meiosis occurs in gametes to bring about genetic variation amongst offspring. |
Mitosis & Meiosis
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When the chromosomes line up in mitosis this is known as which phase? a) Telophase b) Anaphase c) Metaphase d) Prophase |
C. Metaphase |
Mitosis & Meiosis
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Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that are considered digestive? a) Golgi Apparatus b) Lysosomes c) Nucleus d) Ribosomes |
B. Lysosomes |
Mitosis & Meiosis
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Organs repair themselves through a process of? a) meiosis b) mitosis c) cellular differentiation d) Transformation |
B. Mitosis |
Mitosis & Meiosis
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codon |
group of three nucleotides on RNA or DNA that encodes for a single, specific amino acid |
Hereditary Info |
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amino acid |
building blocks of proteins |
Hereditary Info |
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Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called ________, which contain the information that controls particular traits for an individual. |
Genes these parts of the chromosome are comprised of DNA and contain information for particular traits. |
Hereditary Info |
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TRUE or FALSE Genetic traits are expressed through the actions of proteins |
True |
Hereditary Info |
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Genome |
complete set of DNA for an individual; contains all genes |
Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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mutagen |
permanent change in DNA sequence
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Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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mismatch repair |
mechanism that scans over the DNA to find any mismatches of nitrogenous bases
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Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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Excision repair |
mechanism that inspects the DNA for damage and attempts to repair it
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Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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Germ cells |
reproductive cells that give rise to sperm and ovum
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Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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Name the major enzyme responsible for DNA replication in cells |
DNA polymerase |
Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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TRUE or FALSE DNA in gametes is the DNA passed on to future generations. |
True |
Phenotypes and Genotypes |
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Homozygous |
having received the same allele for a particular trait form both parents |
Punnett Square |
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Heterozygous |
having received different alleles for a particular trait from each parent
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Punnett Square |
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Punnett square |
graphical way to show all possible combinations of alleles given the two parents' genotypes |
Punnett Square |
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What is Mendel's Law? |
researched characteristics of pea plants |
Punnett Square |
