Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What type of microscope is best for studying cells in detail?
|
Scanning electron microscope
|
|
|
What feature(s) distinguish bacteria (prokaryotic) cells?
(5 things) |
No nucleus or other organelles
Has a cell wall and DNA is in nuclear region. Has ribosomes Are small Some have flagellum for motion |
|
|
Functions of cell walls?
(3 things) |
Provide protection
Controls what goes in and out of the cell Gives the cell structure and strength |
|
|
What is the purpose of a cell nucleus?
(2 things) |
Controls everything that goes on in a cell
Contains DNA and instructions |
|
|
Scientific method: What type of information do we get when we
interpret data? |
You learn if your hypothesis is correct or incorrect
|
|
|
How do cells behave in a colony?
|
Each cell is independent, but they live together because they benefit from it
|
|
|
What is chlamydomonas?
|
A free-living single-celled alga
|
|
|
What is a biofilm?
|
A colony of cells that produces a jelly-like film for protection
|
|
|
What is an organism?
|
Individual of a species; a single living thing / A group of organ systems working together
|
|
|
What is an organ?
|
A group of tissues that does a job
|
|
|
How do cells behave in a multicellular organism?
|
Cells become specialized, and need other cells to help them. Cannot live by themselves
|
|
|
What happens when an organism is thicker than a couple of cell layers?
|
Requires a transport system to deliver oxygen, etc.
|
|
|
All organisms are made of...?
|
Cells
|
|
|
Where do all cells come from?
|
From other cells
|
|
|
How does DNA change during cell division?
|
DNA coils up and then splits
|
|
|
What is a tissue?
|
A group of cells with a common function and structure / A group of cells that do a job together
|
|
|
What is the structure of a cell membrane?
(3 things) |
Is two layered and made of phospholipids.
Contains protein doors for proteins that cannot enter or leave. The middle of the protein doors is waterproof Cytoskeleton holds the membrane together |
|
|
What is diffusion?
|
A process which involves movement of a substance from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration.
|
|
|
How does diffusion occur?
|
By random motion of molecules
|
|
|
How do concentration gradients of solute affect the flow of water?
|
Makes water move. The more concentration gradients, the more water will move. Otherwise known as Osmosis
|
|
|
What is the difference between passive and active transport?
|
Passive transport: Things go in and out on there own
Active transport: Requires energy for things to go in and out |
|
|
Which substances can travel passively?
|
Small uncharged molecules (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
|
|
|
What is facilitated diffusion?
|
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
|
|
|
How does facilitated diffusion work?
|
Has doorways that go in and out. No energy required
|
|
|
What is endocytosis?
|
The cellular uptake of materials in which the plasma membrane surrounds an engulfs extracellular materials
To bring something in |
|
|
What is exocytosis?
|
The release of macromolecules from a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
To push something out. Uses energy because the cell reshapes itself |
|
|
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
(4 things) |
Forms a barrier from the inside of the cell to the outside
Releases and accepts materials Gives form and shape to the cell May connect one or more cells together |
|
|
What is the behavior of cells in a hypertonic solution?
|
Cells lose water to blood, so they become shriveled
|
|
|
What is the behavior of cells in an isotonic solution?
|
Cells are happy, everything is normal
|
|
|
What is the behavior of cells in a hypotonic solution?
|
There is too much water, so the cells grow bigger OR possibly explode
|
|
|
What provides the energy for active transport?
|
ATP
|
|
|
What is a contractile vacuole?
|
A vacuole that will take in any extra water
|
|
|
What does a contractile vacuole do?
|
Pumps excess water out of a cell and is found prominently in freshwater protists.They are found in both plant and animal cells. It pumps the water out from the cytoplasm.
|
|
|
How do gills work?
|
Countercurrent exchange. Water flows in, and forms the countercurrent exchange. The more surface are the gill has, the more oxygen absorbed
|
|
|
How do lung air sacs (alveoli) work?
|
Same principle as gills
Blood goes past water, diffusing it |
|
|
What are the nitrogenous wastes produced by animals?
|
Anommia
Urea Uric acid (in pellets) |
|
|
Which type of animal/habitat favors which type of waste?
|
Fish produce ammonia
Other animals produce urea And animals in drier climates produce uric acid (in pellets) |
|
|
Function of nucleus and nucleolis?
|
The nucleus contains DNA and is the brain of the cell
The nucleolis is a storage for RNA (makes ribosomes) |
|
|
Function of ribosomes?
|
Build proteins
|
|
|
Function of endoplasmic reticulum?
(3 things) |
A series of transport canals
Transports materials like proteins and their building blocks Is folded |
|
|
Function of Golgi apparatus?
(2 things) |
A warehouse for the proteins that have been built
Packages them for storage or export |
|
|
Function of cytoskeleton?
|
Framework of the cell
|
|
|
Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
|
Makes more membrane material so the cell can grow
|
|
|
Function of mitochondria?
|
Converts food into energy (ATP)
|
|
|
Function of vacuoles?
|
Storage for food, water, and wastes
|
|
|
Function of lysosomes?
|
Contain digestive enzymes
|
|
|
Function of centrosomes/centriole?
|
Organize the cells for division (in animals)
|
|
|
Function of cytoplasm?
|
The liquid inside our cells
|
