Ch 12 Nervous System

Brings action potential to cell

Contains a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes typical organelles

Long ciliated process, carries action potential away from cell. May be myelinated

Fatty protein cover found on axon. Not all neurons are myelinated

Where axon ends and divide into processes

Where neurotransmitters are located and released from

Type of neuroglia that forms the bbb and is the largest of the neuroglia

Produces myelin sheath and is smaller and contains fewer processes

Phagocytes that eat debris and pathogens

covers the capillaries of the choroid plexus which forms cerebral spinal fluid

Produce myelin sheath in pns

Provide structural support and regulate the exchanges of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid

Electrical potential difference across the membrane and inside

When the action potential is interrupted by a stimulus causing na+ channels to open rapidly causing a positive not negative charge

When the inactivation gate closes

Most inferior part of the brain stem

Contains all sensory and motor tracts

Controls force of heartbeat and diameter of blood vessels

Controls breathing

Controls swallowing vomiting coughing sneezing hiccuping

Sensory and motor tracts bridge the medulla to the midbrain

Relays motor impulses from cerebral cortex to cerebellum for equilibrium

Controls breathing

Between pons and diencephalon

Contains sensory and motor tracts Controls visual and auditory reflex centers

Maintains consciousness and wakes up from sleep

Regulates body coordination, balance, muscle tone posture and skilled movements

Contains the vermis which is the central constricted area

Thalamus: central relay station for sensory impulses from spinal cord to cerebral cortex. Plays a role in cognition memory and emotions

Hypothalamus: controls autonomic nervous system and pituitary glands through hormones

Epithalamus: contains pineal gland which releases melatonin that promotes sleepiness and biological clock

Cerebral hemispheres: sides of the brain that controls opposite sides of the body

Longitudinal fissure: separates cerebrum into left and right halves

Gyri: folds of the brain as a result of rapid growth of the grey matter during fetal development

Sulci: grooves of the brain

Corpus callosum: large bundle of transverse axons that internally connect the white matter

Grey matter: superficial and unmyelinated

White matter: deep and mostly myelinated

Frontal: executive function planning problem solving

Parietal: receives information from environment (cold, pain etc)

Temporal: language hearing memory

Occipital: vision

Insula: taste autonomic functions and immune system

Separates parietal and frontal

Front: pre central back: post central

Separates parietal and frontal

Front: pre central back: post central

Precentral gyrus: primary motor area that moves individual muscles

Brocas speech area: part of the frontal lobe usually on the left

Aphasia: regulates touch pressure itch pain

Postcentral gyrus: primary somatosensory area

Visual area

Auditory area: helps you understand what youre hearing

Wernickes area: helps you understand meaning behind what was heard

Gustatory area; area of taste

Olfactory area: smell

Helps initiate and terminate movements and suppress unwanted movements. Affected in parkinsons

Allows us to understand fear and anger

Learning and memory. Strongly affected by smell