Ch. 12 Population Ecology

a term applied to seeds with hooks, spines, or barbs that disperse by attaching to passing animals

a freshy covering of some seeds that attracts birds and other vertebrates, which set as dispersers of such seeds

according to Grime (1977) competitive plants occupy occupy environments where disturbance intensity is low and the intensity of stress is also low

Gime (1977) defined disturbance from the perspective of plants as any process that limits plants by destroying plant biomass. Sousa (1984) also defined disturbance from an organismic perspective as any discrete, punctuated killing, displacement, or damaging of one or more individuals (or colonies) that directly or indirectly creates an opportunity for new individuals (or colonies) to become established. White and Pickett (1985) defined disturbance more broadly as any relatively discrete event that disrupts ecosystem, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment

a structure on the surface of some seeds generally containing oils attractive to ants, which act as dispersers of such seeds

a number of eggs or seeds produced by an organism

herbaceous plants other than graminoid

the sprouting of seeds

an index of reproductive effort calculated as ovary weight divided by body weight and adjusted for the number of batches of offspring produced per year

ex: the northern anchovy spawns three times per year, the weight of its ovary was multiplied by 3 for calculating its GSI.

gasses and grass-like plants, such as sedges and rushes

reproduction that involves production of an organism's offspring in two or more events, generally spaced out over the lifetime of the organism

a term referring to the carrying capacity of the logistic growth equation; a form of natural selection that favors more efficient utilization of resources such as food and nutrients. K selection is predicted to be strongest in those situations where a population lives as densities near carrying capacity much of the time

the adaptions of an organism that influence aspects of its biology, such as the number of offspring it produces, its survival, and its size and age at reproductive maturity

the study of the relationship between climate and the timing of ecological event such as the date of arrival of migratory birds on their wintering grounds, the timing of spring plankton blooms, or the onset and ending of leaf fall in a deciduous forest

a locus, or gene, that occurs as more than one allele, each of which synthesizes a different allozyme

a term referring to the per capita rate of increase; a form of natural selection favoring higher population growth rate. r selection is predicted to be strongest in disturbed habitats

the allocation of energy, time, and other resources to the production and care of offspring, generally involving reduced allocation to other needs such as maintenance and growth

plants or animals that live in highly disturbed habitats and that may depend on disturbance to persist in the face of potential competition from other species

a term applied to seeds gathered by mammals and stored in scattered caches or hoards

reproduction that involves production of all an organism's offspring in one event, generally over a short period of time

consists of any strong negative environmental conditions that induce physiological responses in an organism or alter the structure or functioning of an ecosystem

-stress in relation to plant as external constraints that limit the rate of dry matter production, or growth, of all or part of the vegetation

plants that live under conditions of high stress but low disturbance

1) low disturbance- low stress

2) low disturbance-high stress

3) high disturbance- low stress

4) high disturbance-high stress