Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is Fire Resistance? Page 46 |
The ability of a structural assembly to maintain its load bearing capacity and structural integrity under fire conditions |
|
|
|
What is fire resistance rating? Page 46 |
Rating assigned to a material or an assembly after standardized testing |
|
|
|
Building codes will have requirements on structural elements such as? Page 46
BC PAW |
Beams, columns, walls and partitions, floor and ceiling assemblies, roof and ceiling assemblies |
|
|
|
To the firefighter the most significant characteristic of the building is? Page 45 |
how it behaves under fire conditions |
|
|
|
In the field of fire protection, buildings are classified according to? Page 45 |
The manner in which they behave under fire conditions |
|
|
|
There are 3 means by which the fire resistance of structural assemblies can be determined. They are? Page 47 |
Testing in the laboratory.
Performing analytical calculations.
Employing analytical structural fire engineering design methods based on the real fire exposure. |
|
|
|
What is the most common method of determining fire resistance? Page 47 |
Laboratory test |
|
|
|
What is NFPA 251? Page 47 |
Standard Method of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Material |
|
|
|
The standard fire resistance test is widely used to establish the required performance standards in? Page 47 |
building codes |
|
|
|
In a standard fire test, the furnace temperature is regulated to conform to? Page 47 |
The standard time temperature curve |
|
|
|
What are the key temperatures and times of the time temperature curve? Page 47 |
1000° at 5 minutes. 1550° at 30 minutes. 1700° at 1 hour. |
|
|
|
The fire resistance of structural systems is affected by? Page 47 |
The manner in which they are used in the field |
|
|
|
The 4 primary points of failure for the time temperature curve test are? Page 48 |
Failure to support an applied load.
A temperature increase on the unexposed side of 250°.
Passage of heat or flame through the assembly sufficient to ignite cotton waste.
Excess temperature on steel members. |
|
|
|
Fire resistance rating for test specimens, including fire doors and windows, or tested in standard intervals such as? Page 49 |
15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 1 1/2hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours |
|
|
|
It must be clearly understood that fire resistance rating's are established using a? Page 49 |
standard laboratory test fire |
|
|
|
The behavior of identical materials or assemblies in larger configurations could vary from the standard test results due to the effects of? Page 49 |
Thermal expansion in larger members. |
|
|
|
It must be remembered that the standard time temperature curve may not? Page 49 |
duplicate the situations encountered in real fires. |
|
|
|
The standard test fire assumes an? Page 49 |
endless fuel supply and adequate ventilation to produce increasing temperatures |
|
|
|
What is ASTM Standard 1529? Page 49 |
Standard test methods for determining affects of large hydrocarbon pool fires on structural members and assemblies. |
|
|
|
The limitations of the standard fire tests does not mean that they are? Page 49 |
without value in the field of building fire safety. |
|
|
|
What is Underwriters Laboratories Inc. ? Page 49 |
Independent fire research and testing laboratory (with headquarters in Northbrook, Illinois) that certifies equipment and materials.
Publishes fire resistance directory |
|
|
|
What is a fire stop? Page 50 |
Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the vertical and horizontal spread of fire |
|
|
|
It is important to remember that the standard test evaluates the ability of? Page 50 |
the structural assemblies to carry a structural load and to act as a fire barrier.
Doug's "important test" |
|
|
|
It is not uncommon over time for fire resistive assemblies to be? Page 50 |
Penetrated, which often occurs when buildings undergo renovation. |
Think "what happens to a building over time?" |
|
|
Penetrations of fire resistive assemblies may be made for... Page 50 |
Ductwork, plumbing, electrical, and communication purposes and may not be adequately fire stopped. |
|
|
|
What is fire resistance directory? Page 51 |
Directory that list building assemblies that have been tested and given fire resistance ratings. Published by Underwriters Laboratories. |
|
|
|
What is ASCE? Page 52 |
American Society of civil engineers |
|
|
|
What is SFPE? Page 52 |
Society of Fire Protection Engineers |
Close to NFPA |
|
|
What did the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Society of Fire Protection Engineer's jointly develop? Page 52 |
The standard known as ASCE/SFPE 29, standard calculation methods for structural fire protection
|
Both acronyms + equals |
|
|
What does ASTM stand for? Page 47 |
American Society for Testing Materials |
|
|
|
In the analytical calculation for fire resistance, R stands for? Page 52 |
R = fire endurance in minutes |
Think "reeeeeem" |
|
|
In the analytical calculation for fire resistance, M stands for? Page 52 |
M = mass of the member |
Think "M of my M" |
|
|
In the analytical calculation of fire resistance, D stands for? Page 52 |
D = heated perimeter |
Think "Hot American" |
|
|
In the analytical calculation of fire resistance, "I" stands for? Page 52 |
I = thickness of protection |
|
|
|
The earliest known fire tests were? Page 47 |
In Germany 🇩🇪 in 1884 - 86 |
Think "8 hour work day" like? |
|
|
What does ANSI stand for? Page 47 |
American National Standards Institute |
Think "all basic expected terms" |
|
|
What are noncombustible materials? Page 53 |
Materials incapable of supporting combustion under normal circumstances. |
|
|
|
What does ASTM E 136 stand for? Page 54 |
Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C |
Think "silo E136" and how tall and hot |
|
|
What is Type I construction? Page 54 |
Fire resistive |
|
|
|
Fire resistive construction is? Page 54 |
Type I |
|
|
|
Type II construction is? Page 54 |
Noncombustible or protected noncombustible |
|
|
|
Noncombustible or protected noncombustible is? Page 54 |
Type II |
|
|
|
Type III construction is? Page 54 |
Exterior protected (masonry) |
|
|
|
Exterior protected masonry is? Page 54 |
Type III |
|
|
|
Type IV construction is? Page 54 |
Heavy timber |
|
|
|
Heavy timber construction is? Page 54 |
Type IV |
|
|
|
Type V construction is? Page 54 |
Wood frame |
|
|
|
Wood frame construction is? Page 54 |
Type V |
|
|
|
NFPA 220 is? Page 54 |
Standard on Types of Building Construction |
|
|
|
In NFPA 220 the first digit in the three digit number code refers to? Page 54 |
The fire resistance rating (in hours) of exterior bearing walls |
|
|
|
In NFPA 220 the second digit of the three digit number code refers to? Page 54 |
The fire resistance rating of structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor |
|
|
|
In NFPA 220 the third digit of the three digit number code refers to? Page 54 |
Indicates the fire resistance rating of the floor construction |
|
|
|
IBC stands for? page 55 |
International Building Code |
|
|
|
Building codes use what 4 following factors to establish limits on heights and areas of buildings? Page 55 |
Type of construction, building occupancy, in connection with sprinkler systems and separations
|
BC Office |
|
|
Building code regulations can? Page 55 |
Vary from state to state and province to province |
|
|
|
In Type I, fire resistive construction, the structural members are? Page 55 |
Of noncombustible construction that has a specified fire resistance |
|
|
|
Generally Type I construction bearing walls, columns, and beams are required to have? Page 55 |
A 2 to 4 hour fire resistance rating |
|
|
|
In Type I construction floors are required to have? Page 55 |
A 2 to 3 hour fire resistance rating |
|
|
|
In Type I construction roof decks must have? Page 55 |
A 1 to 2 hour fire resistance rating |
|
|
|
Fire resistance provides? Page 55 |
Structural integrity during a fire 🏢👍🔥 |
|
|
|
What is the difference between type A and type B subclasses of building construction? Page 56 |
Subclass A fire resistance ratings are higher than subclass B |
|
|
|
The fire resistive compartmentation provided by partitions and floors tends to retard? Page 57 |
The spread of fire through the building |
|
|
|
In a Type I structure, firefighters are able to launch an interior attack with? Page 57 |
Greater confidence then they are in a building that is not of fire resistive construction |
|
|
|
In Type I, fire resistive construction, combustible materials typically are permitted for? 57
List 9 |
Roof coverings Interior floor finishes Interior wall finishes and trims Doors and door frames Window sashes and frames Platforms Nailing and furring strips Light transmitting plastics Foam plastics subject to restrictions |
Everything for interior lining |
|
|
The two most common methods of constructing Type 1 buildings are? Page 57 |
Reinforced concrete and protected steel frame |
|
|
|
Concrete is an inherently? Page 57 |
Noncombustible material with good thermal insulating properties |
|
|
|
Type II construction can be either? Page 58 |
Protected or unprotected |
|
|
|
The most common characteristic of unprotected, noncombustible construction is? Page 58 |
The use of unprotected steel |
|
|
|
In the case of steel frame buildings it must be remembered that? Page 58 |
unprotected steel has no fire resistance 😯 |
|
|
|
In Type II construction, structural steel is frequently provided with a degree of fire resistance that is? Page 58 |
is less than that required of Type I construction |
|
|
|
In Type II construction what is the difference between subclass A and B construction? Page 58 |
Subclass A construction, The structural components are required to have one hour fire resistance, in class B structural components are unprotected |
|
|
|
An unprotected, noncombustible material cannot be expected to provide? Page 58 |
structural stability under fire conditions |
|
|
|
Type III construction is otherwise referred to as? Page 58 |
Ordinary construction |
|
|
|
In Type III construction interior structural members including walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs are permitted to be? Page 58 |
partially or wholly combustible |
|
|
|
The interior structural members of Type III construction may? Page 59 |
Be protected or unprotected |
|
|
|
Type III A construction is required to have a? |
One hour fire resistance rating for interior members
A-1 |
|
|
|
Type III B construction has no? Page 59 |
Fire resistance requirements for interior members |
|
|
|
The most common protection for structural components of Type III construction are? Page 59 |
Plaster in older buildings and gypsum board in newer buildings |
|
|
|
The dimensions of wood used in Type III construction is permitted? Page 59 |
To be SMALLER than those required in Type IV construction |
|
|
|
A fundamental fire concern with Type III construction is? Page 59 |
The combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials |
|
|
|
Type IV construction is commonly known as? Page 60 |
Heavy timber or "mill" construction |
|
|
|
There are two important distinctions between Type III and Type IV construction. They are? Page 60 |
Beams, columns, floors, and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with dimensions GREATER than Type III construction
Concealed spaces are NOT permitted between structural members in Type IV construction |
|
|
|
Type IV construction was used extensively in? Page 60 |
Factories, mills, and warehouses in the 19th and early 20th centuries |
|
|
|
Today, heavy timber Type IV wood frame construction is? Page 61 |
Encountered primarily where it is desired for appearance |
|
|
|
The primary fire hazard associated with Type IV construction is? Page 61 |
The massive amount of fuel presented by the large structural members in addition to the building and contents |
|
|
|
Type V construction is also commonly known as? Page 61 |
Wood frame construction |
|
|
|
A fundamental problem posed by Type V construction is? Page 62 |
The creation of combustible concealed voids and channels more extensive than are found in Type III construction |
|
|
|
Because a heavily involved wood frame Type V building also poses a threat to adjacent structures building codes impose what? Page 62 |
Restrictions on the maximum allowable heights and areas of Type V buildings 🏢 & L x W |
|
|
|
What is light-frame construction? Page 62 |
Method for construction of the wood frame buildings, replaced the use of heavy timber wood framing |
|
|
|
What is fire load? Page 63 |
The amount of fuel within a compartment expressed in pounds per square foot lbs/sq 👞 |
|
|
|
Fire load or fuel load both refer to? Page 63 |
The maximum heat that would be released if all the available fuel in the building was consumed ♨️🔋🔥 |
|
|
|
The fire load is the product of? Page 63 |
The weight of the combustibles multiplied by their heat of combustion 🙇🌳x♨️🔥 |
|
|
|
Ordinary combustible's such as wood, paper, and similar materials have heat of combustion between? Page 63 |
7000 and 8000 BTU per pound |
|
|
|
A fire load of 10 pounds per square foot of ordinary combustibles would produce? Page 63 |
70,000 to 80,000 BTU per square foot |
|
|
|
Buildings with combustible structural components such as Type III, IV, and V construction have? Page 63 |
An inherently greater fire load then Type I or II because the structural framing materials contribute a significant amount of fuel to the fire |
|
|
|
Building codes classify buildings according to their? Page 63
List 2 |
Occupancy as well as their construction type |
|
|
|
IBC classification group A is? Page 64 |
Assembly🔩 |
|
|
|
IBC classification group B is? Page 64 |
Business Billy W. is all business |
|
|
|
IBC classification group E is? Page 64 |
Educational Eggling is all about "education" |
|
|
|
IBC classification group F is? Page 64 |
Factories
Francis works in a factory |
|
|
|
IBC classification group H is? Page 64 |
High hazard
High hazard Heustis |
|
|
|
IBC classification group I is? Page 64 |
Institutional
"Irene" is Institutional |
|
|
|
IBC classification group M is? Page 64 |
Mercantile |
|
|
|
IBC classification group R is? Page 64 |
Residential
Ron Rolater retired to his residential home |
|
|
|
IBC classification group S is? Page 64 |
Storage
Steve Strickland "stores" farts at Station Seven |
|
|
|
IBC classification group U is? Page 64 |
Utility and miscellaneous |
|
|
|
IBC classification group R-1 is? Page 64 |
Occupancies with primarily transient occupants including hotels and motels
R1 was before R2 and he went from hotel to motel like a transient |
|
|
|
IBC classification R-2 is? Page 64 |
Occupancies with primarily permanent occupants and more than two dwelling units, such as apartment buildings, dormitories, and non-transient hotels
R2D2 lives in an 🎤hotel (non transient) apartment dorm🎤 |
|
|
|
IBC classification R-3 is? Page 65 |
Occupancies with primarily permanent occupants and NOT MORE than two dwelling units
R2 moved to a duplex with R3 |
|
|
|
IBC classification R-4 is? Page 65 |
Occupancies used as assisted living facilities with 5 to 16 occupants
Then four R4's were built to take care of assisted living facilities old people |
|
|
|
IBC classification A-1 is? Page 65 |
Assembly occupancies, usually with fixed seating such as motion picture theaters and concert halls
That's was an "A-1" movie/concert |
|
|
|
IBC classification A-2 is? Page 65 |
Assembly occupancies used for consuming food and drink such as night clubs and restaurants
I would like A-"#2" from whataburger after a night at the club |
|
|
|
IBC classification A-3 is? Page 65 |
Assembly occupancies used for worship, recreation, or amusement such as bowling alleys, churches, dance halls, and exhibition halls
A-3 = WAR 3 |
|
|
|
IBC classification A-4 is? Page 65 |
Assembly occupancies intended for viewing indoor sporting events such as tennis courts and arenas
A is 4 Academy SPORTS and indoors |
|
|
|
IBC classification A-5 is? Page 65 |
Assembly uses for outdoor activities such as bleachers, grandstands, and stadiums |
|
|
|
What is NFPA 5000? Page 65 |
Building Construction and Safety Code
There are "5000" safety codes |
|
|
|
What is NFPA 101? Page 65 |
Life Safety Code |
|
|
|
NFPA classifications? Page 65 |
There are 12 major occupancy classifications |
|
|
|
The fire behavior in a building is determined in large measure by? Page 67 |
The materials of which it is constructed and by its structural fire resistance
🔥 in 🏢 = WT & 🔥📏 1"------------------12" |
|
|
|
The structural fire resistance of building components is determined most often through? Page 67 |
laboratory testing |
|
|
|
Building codes classify construction into major types depending on? Page 67 |
The construction material used and the structural fire resistance |
|
|
|
Fire resistance determines the likelihood of? Page 45 |
Structural collapse under fire conditions |
|
|
|
The combustible nature of a building's structural system will impact the? Page 45 |
rate of fire growth |
|
|
|
Fire resistive buildings also provide increased degree of? Page 45 |
Occupant safety
🔥📏 = ⬆️🚶👷 |
|
|
|
The fire resistance of structural components can be evaluated quantitatively and is known as? Page 46 |
The fire resistance rating
🔥📏 = FRR |
|
|
|
From a fire protection standpoint, one of the most basic properties of building materials is? Page 46 |
Their degree of fire resistance
degree of 🔥📏 |
|
|
|
Fire resistance rating for floor and ceiling assemblies are developed for both? Page 47 |
Restrained and unrestrained assemblies |
|
|
|
A standardized test method for floor construction was adopted by the? Page 47 |
American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) in 1907 |
|
|
|
When a structural specimen is tested, the test is continued until the specimen? Page 148 |
Fails or the specified fire endurance for which the specimen being tested is reached |
|
|
|
Although an assembly may fail at any point during the test, fire resistance rating for test specimens, including fire doors and windows, are expressed in? Page 49 |
Standard intervals |
|
|
|
Not all field conditions can be duplicated? Page 49 |
In the laboratory, including construction variables |
|
|
|
It is important to remember that the standard test evaluates the ability of structural assemblies to? Page 50 |
Carry a structural load and to act as a fire barrier |
|
|
|
The furnace is used to determine fire resistance ratings are? Page 50 |
Very large and materials are tested at high temperatures |
|
|
|
To make the results of fire resistance testing available and useful to engineers, architects, and building officials, the test results are? Page 51 |
published by the testing laboratories |
|
|
|
Because testing materials in a furnace is costly and because some structural members may not match those that have been previously tested, mathematical equations have been developed to predict? Page 52 |
the behavior of materials under test conditions without the need for actual testing |
|
|
|
The calculation methods are based in part on? Page 52 |
The years of data that have been obtained in the laboratory testing of materials |
|
|
|
The NFPA 251 Standard time temperature test is the most commonly used method of? |
Satisfying building code requirements for structural fire resistance |
|
|
|
Determining whether a material is combustible or noncombustible may at first seem? Page 53 |
Very obvious |
|
|
|
Building codes contain explicit criteria for determining what constitutes a? Page 53 |
Combustible material |
|
|
|
In the fields of fire protection and building code enforcement, buildings are grouped? Page 54 |
Into five major classifications |
|
|
|
The building classifications used in building codes are based on? Page 54 |
The materials used in construction in the hourly fire resistance rating required for the structural components |
|
|
|
The building classifications used in building codes are based on? Page 54 |
The materials used in construction in the hourly fire resistance rating required for the structural components |
|
|
|
The International Building Code makes use of construction classifications similar to? Page 55 |
NFPA 220, although the requirements for individual structural members differ |
|
|
|
In Type I or fire resistive construction, The structural members are? Page 55 |
Of noncombustible construction that has a specified by her resistance |
|
|
|
Generally, bearing walls, columns, and beans are required to have a fire resistance of? Page 55 |
2 to 4 hours |
|
|
|
Fire resistance provides structural integrity? Page 55 |
During a fire |
|
|
|
The fire resistive compartmentation provided by partitions and floors tends to? Page 57 |
Retard the spread of fire through a building |
|
|
|
As a practical matter, building codes usually permit? Page 57 |
A limited use of combustible materials in Type I construction |
|
|
|
Although Type I (fire resistive) construction is desirable or even essential, it does not? |
Provide total fire protection because the contents will contribute most of the fuel for a fire |
|
|
|
The two most common methods of constructing Type I buildings are? Page 57 |
Reinforced concrete or a protected steel frame |
|
|
|
In the case of a steel frame building, it must be remembered that? Page 58 |
Unprotected steel has no fire resistance |
|
|
|
Type II construction (noncombustible) can be either? Page 58 |
Protected or unprotected |
|
|
|
In Type II construction, structural steel is frequently provided with? Page 58 |
A degree of fire resistance that is less than that required for Type I construction |
|
|
|
Materials other than steel can be used in? Page 58 |
Type II construction |
|
|
|
And unprotected, noncombustible building cannot be? Page 58 |
Expected to provide structural stability under fire conditions |
|
|
|
The point at which unprotected members (Type II) will fail depends on the following factors? Page 58 |
Ceiling height of the building
Size of the unprotected steel members
Intensity and duration of the exposing fire |
|
|
|
The interior structural members of Type III construction may be? Page 59 |
Protected or unprotected |
|
|
|
When the structural components of Type III construction are required to have a fire rating they can be protected by several means including? Page 59 |
Plaster in older buildings and gypsum board in newer buildings |
|
|
|
The dimensions of the wood used in Type III construction are permitted to be? Page 59 |
Smaller than those required in Type IV construction |
|
|
|
A fundamental fire concern with Type III construction is? Page 59 |
The combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials |
|
|
|
Type III construction has been commonly referred to as? Page 58 |
Ordinary construction |
|
|
|
Firefighters cannot assume a level of structural stability where the structural components are? Page 60 |
Combustible |
|
|
|
Type IV construction is commonly known as? Page 60 |
Heavy timber or mill construction |
|
|
|
The greater mass of the heavy timber components provides? Page 61 |
Greater structural endurance under fire conditions then the structural members used in Type III buildings |
|
|
|
In Type V construction, also commonly known as wood frame construction, all major structural components are permitted to be? |
Combustible construction |
|
|
|
A fundamental problem posed by Type V construction is the? Page 62 |
Creation of combustible concealed voids and channels more extensive than are found in Type III construction |
|
|
|
Because a heavily involved wood frame building also poses a threat to adjacent structures, building codes impose? Page 62 |
Restrictions on maximum allowable heights and areas of Type V buildings |
|
|
|
Building codes classify buildings according to their? Page 63 |
Occupancy as well as their construction type |
|
|
|
Buildings frequently contained occupants that represent? Page 65 |
More than one occupancy classification |
|
|
|
The specific requirements for occupancy separation will depend on? Page 66 |
Local building code |
|
|
|
With regard to mixed construction, some buildings are allowed to have? Page 62 |
A mixed-use and a mixed construction type |
|
