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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1787
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Constitutional Convention
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Constitution
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Basic governing document of the United States
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Federalists
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Those who wrote and campaigned on behalf of ratification of the Constitution
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Anti-Federalists
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Those who opposed the ratification of the Constitution
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Divine Right
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Doctrine that says God selects the sovereign for the people
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Royal Colony
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Colony governed by the king's representative with the advice of an elected assmebly
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Mayflower Compact
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First document in colonial america in which the popel gave their expressed consent to be governed
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Proprietary Colony
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Colony governed either by a porminent English noble or by a company
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Colonial Assembly
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Lower legislative chamber elected by male property owners in a colony
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Colonial Council
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Upper legislative chamber whose members were appointed by british officials on the recommendation of the governor
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Patronage
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Appointment of individuals to public office in exchange for their political support. Widely practiced in the 18th and 19th centuries and continues to present day
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Stamp Act
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Passed by Parliament in 1765, it required people in the colonies to purchase a small stamp to be affixed to legal and other documents
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Taxation Without Representation
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Levying of taxes by a government in which the popel are not represented by their own elected officials
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Stamp Act Congress
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A meeting in 1765 of delegates from nine colonies to oppose the Stamp Act; the first political organization that brought leaders from several colonies together for a common purpose
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Patriots
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Political group defending colonial American liberties against British infringements
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First Continental Congress
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1774 - The first quasi-governmental institution that spoke for nearly all colonists
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Second Continental Congress
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1775 - Political authority that directed the struggle for independence
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Declaration of Independence
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1776 - Declaring the United States to be a country independant of Great Britian
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Tories
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Those colonists who opposed independence from Great Britian
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Seperation of Powers
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A system of government in which different institutions exercese different components of governmental power
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Whigs
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Political opposition in 18th century England that developed a theory of rights and representation
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Articles of Confederation
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1782-1789 - The first basic governing document of the United States and forerunner to the Constitution
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Shay's Rebellion
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1786 - Uprising in western Massachusetts led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays
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Annapolis Convention
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1786 - Meeting to discuss constitutional reform
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Virginia Plan
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Constitutional proposal supported by concention delegats from large states
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New Jersey Plan
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Small-state proposal for constitutional reform
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Connecticut Compromise
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Constitutional Convention proposal that created a House proportionate to population and a Senate in which all states were represented equally
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Necessary and Proper Clause
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Says congress has the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution" its other powers
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Advice and consent
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Support for a presiential action by a designated number of senators
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Mojority
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50% + 1
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Electoral College
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Those chosen to cast a direct vote for president by a process determined by each state
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Judicial Review
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Court authority to declare laws null and void on the grounds that they violate the Constitution
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Supremacy Clause
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Part of the Constitution that says the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land," to which all judges are bound
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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Constitutional provision that counted each slave as 3/5 of a person when calculating representation in the House; repealed by the 14th Amendment
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Bill of Rights
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The first 10 amendments to the Constitution, which protect individual and state rights
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Federalst Papers
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Essays that were written in support of the Constitution's ratification and have become a classic argument for the American constitutional system
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Checks and Balances
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Constitutional division of power into separate institutions, giving each istitution the power to block the actions of the others
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13th Amendment
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Abolished slavery
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14th Amendment
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Defines citizens
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15th Amendment
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Blacks can vote
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17th Amendment
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Direct election of senators
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19th Amendment
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Women can vote
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22nd Amendment
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Two term limit on presidents
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24th Amendment
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Abolishes taxes on voting
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26th Amendment
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18 years to vote
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