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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arteries |
*carry O2 rich blood away from the heart * stiff walls keep shape *classified as elastic, muscular, arterioles *able to vasoconstrict/ vasodialate |
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Capillaries |
*thin walls made of endothelial cells and basement membrane (no tunica media or tunica externa) *tissues with higher metabolic activity have more capillaries (ex. muscles) |
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Veins |
*carry blood back to heart for pulmonary flow *oxygen poor blood *stretchy walls expand when blood enters *classified as venules, small veins, medium large veins |
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Types of capillaries |
Continuous (no holes, opening in walls, most typical throughout the body) Fenestrated (cell membrane has pinholes for filtration, found in kidney, intestine, choroid plexus) Sinusoidal (large opening between cells so blood cells can squeeze out; found in liver spleen, red marrow) |
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Tunica Interna |
endothelium that lines the inside of all vessels |
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Tunica Media |
middle layer, contains muscle
arteries: this layer is thick aiding in vasoconstriction and vasodialation |
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Tunica Externa |
outer connective tissue layer |
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3 ways substances move b/t tissue cells and capillaries |
1. diffusion 2. trancytosis 3. bulk flow |
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What is filtration? Name 2 types. |
def: movement of fluid from blood into interstitial fluid at the arterial end
Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (BHP)- filtration * pressure capillary wall feels from vol of water in the blood
Interstitial fluid Osmotic Pressure (IFOP)- filtration *pressure of proteins which are briefly in the IF creating a pulling force which draws fluid into the capillaries. |
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What is reabsorption? Name 2 types. |
def: movement of fluid from interstitial fluid to blood at the venule end
Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BCOP)- reabsorption *solutes in blood draw things toward them into the blood stream Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure (IFHP)- reabsorption |
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Edema |
Happens when filtration exceeds re-absorption. Excess fluid ends up in the interstitial space.
Can be caused by liver disease, burns, malnutrition and kidney disease. |
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Vericose veins |
Result of malfunctioned or damaged valves.
Vericose veins in the anal canal are called hemorrhoids. |
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Blood pressure |
BP = systolic / diastolic (healthy BP 110/70)
contraction / relaxation |
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Mean Arterial Pressure |
average pressure in the arteries
MAP = CO x Resistance (CO=SRxHR) |
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Resistance is dependent on 3 factors: |
1. diameter of blood vessel smaller = more resistant 2. length longer = more resistant (ex. obese=more angiogenesis) 3. viscosity high viscosity=high resistance |
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Factors aiding in venous return |
skeletal pump & respiratory pump |
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What is syncope? What are some causes? |
def: fainting due to lack of blood flow to the brain.
vasodepressor (emotional stress)
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sensory receptors for CV center |
proprioceptors - movement of bones, muscles, limbs
baroreceptors - measure change in BP
chemoreceptors - monitor concentrations of substances in food (ex. caffeine inc. HR) |
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cardiac accelerator nerve |
Increased signals result in increased heart rate. |
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vagus nerve |
increased signals act to decrease heart rate. |
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Antidiuretic Hormone ADH |
* helps retain H2O * vasoconstrictor * made by pituitary gland * made to help resolve low BP |
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Angiotension II |
* turns on adrenal production of aldesterone * vasoconstrictor * part of RAA path * made if low BP |
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Aldosterone |
* helps retain NA+ * stimulates thirst * made by adrenal glands * made if low BP |
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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ANP |
* stimulates NA+ loss * vasodialation * made by atrial cells * made if high BP |
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Nitric Oxide NO |
* vasodialator * made when high BP |
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Epinepherine & Norepinephrine (fight or flight) |
* vasoconstrict urinary system * vasodialates skeletal system |
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Physical control of BP |
temperature: - hot= vasodilator - cold= vasoconstrictor
chemical: - vasodilators: NO, H+, K+, histamine - vasoconstrictor: thromboxane, seratonin
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