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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is absorption?
|
rate at which drug leaves
site of aministration |
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What is an adverse
effect? |
severe response to medication
(client becomes comotose when drug is ingested) |
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What is anaphylactic
reaction? |
Reactions by sudden
constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of pharynx & larynx, & severe wheezing & shortness of breath |
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What is biotransformation?
|
change occurs under
influence of enzymes that detoxify, degrade, remove biologically active chemicals |
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What is buccal?
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pertaining to inside
of cheek or gum next to cheek |
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What is concentrate
or concentration? |
substance, liquid that has
been strengthened / reduced in volume thru evaporation or other means |
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What is idiosyncratic
reaction? |
individual sensitiveness to
drug effects: caused by inherited or other bodily constitution factors |
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What is infusion?
|
introduction to substance:
fluid, drug, electrolyte, nutrient directly into vein by means of gravity flow |
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What is inhalation?
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to breathe in / draw in breath
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What is injection?
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act of forcing liquid into
body by needle or syringe |
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What is instillation?
|
procedure fluid slowly
introduced into cavity or passage of body (rectum) allowed to remain for specific length of time being withrdrawn or drained |
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What is intrarticular?
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within a joint
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What is introcardiac?
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within the myocardium
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What is intramuscular
(IM)? |
tissue within interior of
muscle |
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What is intraocular?
|
eye medication delivery
involving inserting meds |
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What is intravenous (IV)?
|
pertaining to inside of vein
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What is irrigation?
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process of washing out body
cavity or wounded area with stream of fluid |
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What is medication allergy?
|
severe or mild reaction
to medications |
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What is metered-dose
inhaler (MDI)? |
inhabler designed to produce
local effects (bronchodilation) |
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What is a narcotic?
|
drug substance either from
opium or produced synthetically that alters perception of pain |
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What is opthalmic?
|
meds for eye conditions
(glaucoma) |
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What is parenteal
administration? |
injecting meds into
body tissues |
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Medication Dose Response
What is peak concentration? |
highest serum concentration
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Medication Dose Response
What is serum half-life? |
time for serum medication
concentration to be halved |
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What is subcutaneous
(Sub-Q)? |
injection into tissues
just below dermis of skin |
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What is sublingual?
|
route of meds administered
meds placed underneath clients tongue |
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What are synergistic effect?
|
occurs when combined effect
of 2 meds is greater than effect of meds given separately |
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What are therapeuatic
effects? |
desired benefits of meds
treatment or procedure |
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What are toxic effects?
|
results from an excess amount
of meds in clients blood impaired excretion idosyncratic reaction to medication itself |
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What is medication
reconciliation? |
study of how drugs enter body
reach their site of action metobized & exited from body |
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What is polypharmacy?
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use of different drugs
by pt. who may have one or several health problems |
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What is a solution?
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mixture 1 or more
substances dissolved in another substance (liquid, gas, solid) |
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What is Nurse Practice Acts?
|
statues enacted by legislature
of any state that delineate legal scope of practice of nursing within geographical boundaries of jurisdiction |
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What is distribution?
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drug is transported where
its needed in body |
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What is metabolism?
(biotransformation) |
drug is broken down
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What is excretion?
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leftover drug is excreted
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What is bioavailability?
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amount of drug available for
therapeutic effect decreases after passage through liver |
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What is bioequivalent?
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2 meds have same bioavailability
or med has same bioavailability by different routes |
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What are teratogenic effect?
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causes development of
abnormal structures in an embryo (check pregnancy category) |
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What are mutagenic effects?
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drug causes genetic mutations
(changes DNA or chromosomes) |
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What are carcinogenic effects?
|
drug may cause cancer
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What are antagonistic
effects? |
second drug diminishes or
cancels effect of 1st drug |
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What is incompatibility?
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2 drugs can not be given
together or adverse effect may occur (see drug guide) |
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Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is therapeutic index? |
ratio between a drug's
therapeutic benefits & its toxic effects drugs are good unless too much |
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Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is tolerance? |
decreasing response to
repetitive drug dose requires dose to achieve therapeutic effect |
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Pharmacotherapeutics Monitoring
What is intolerance? |
inability to absorb or
metabolize a drug |
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What are warnings &
precautions? |
list of conditions or types
of clients that need close observation while on specific drug persons w/ liver impairment |
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What are interactions?
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list of other drugs or foods
that may alter effect of drug delayed absorption of tetracycline if given with antacid |
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What are contraindications?
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conditions for which a drug
should not be given elderly person w/ kidney would not be able to take penicilin |
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What are cumulative effects?
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occurs when drug is metabilized
or excreted more slowly than the rate at which is being administered |
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What is dependence?
|
physiological or physchological
need for a drug |
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Medication Dose Response
What is trough? |
minimum blood serum
concentration before next scheduled dose |
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Medication Dose Response
What is duration? |
time medication concentration
is sufficient to produce a therapeutic response |
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Medication Dose Response
What is plateau or steady state? |
blood serum concentration is
reached & maintained after repeated fixed doses |
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Medication Dose Response
what is onset? |
time it takes for medication
to produce a response |
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Ch. 35
Medication Administration p. 686 |
terms / definitions
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What is pharmacokinetics?
|
Drug movement
study of what body does to the drug |
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What are the 3
drug classifications? |
pharmacological
therapeutic chemical |
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Drugs in Pharmacological
classification are? |
drugs grouped by physiological
activity & mechanisms of action beta blockers calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors cephalosporins |
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Drugs in Therapeutic
classification are? |
drugs grouped by similar
therapeutic indications anti-coagulants anti-anxiety anti-infectives |
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Drugs in chemical
classification are? |
drugs grouped by chemical
structure, regardless of differences in pharmacological activity |
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What factors influence
absorption? |
route of administration
ability to dissolve blood flow to site of administration body surface area lipid solubility of meds. presence of food or other drugs |
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Name some routes of
amdinistration? |
oral
parenteral topical nasal, lungs, vaginal, rectal |
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What is the first pass
effect? |
drug passes thru portal
circulation before going into bloodstream |
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Name some parenteral
routes? |
IV intravenous
IM intramuscular ID intradermal Sub Q subcutaneous |
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Topical routes are?
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ointments/creams
transdermal patches ears, eyes body cavity vaginal, rectal |
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Oral routes are?
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sublingual
buccal |
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Describe distribution process?
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after absorption, distribution
occurs in tissues, organs & speficic sites of action |
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Distribution depends on what?
|
physical & chemical properties
of medication & physiology circulation, membrane permeability protein binding |
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Desribe Metabolism?
|
enzymes detoxify degrade
& remove active chemicals |
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Where does biotransformation
occur? |
in liver
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If liver function is
impaired how is metabolism impaired? |
liver oxidices & transforms
many toxic substances liver degrades harmful chemicals before distribution |
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Medications are
excreted through? |
Kidney
liver bowel lungs exocrine glands |
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What is pharmocodynamics?
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Drug Action
what drug does to body |
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What are the 3 checks?
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check MAR against doctor order
check meds against MAR while preparing check meds against MAR in client room |
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What do you need to do
before administrating drugs? |
do 3 checks
check 2 forms of ID check 6 rights |
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What is nurses role in meds?
|
understand action, dose
potential side effects comprehend & apply knowledge monitor pt. for therapeutic or toxic effects |
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Describe preparing
medication process? |
research medications
wash hands prepare meds 1 pt at time put packaged med into med cup put meds that require assess into different cup |
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Nursing responsibilities
when preparing meds are? |
administer ONLY what you prepare
be familiar w/ medications document AFTER you give meds evaluate client use aseptic technique NO medications at bedside |
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Preparing medications in prep room?
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wash hands & apply gloves
shake or mix liquids into solution med cup on counter at eye level wipe lip of bottle after pour volume <15 ml use syringe |
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If patient has trouble
swallowing drugs? |
crush pill with & mix w/
small amount soft food not all meds can be crushed |
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What drugs does nurse give first to pts?
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tablets / capsules
slower absorption |
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What drugs does nurse give last to pts?
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sublingual because they
absorp faster than oral meds |
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What do nurses do if
suspect patient has difficult swallowing drugs? |
check the cough & gas
reflex FIRST |
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What are side effects?
|
predictable often
unavoidable secondary effects |
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What are toxic effects?
|
medication accumulates
in blood stream too much meds |
