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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell
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smallest unit of life in all living things
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cell theory
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idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell
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cell wall
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strong layer around the cell membrane in plants and some bacteria
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nucleus
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large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities
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cytoplasm
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the gel-like substance that lies between the cell membrane, nucleus, and other organelles
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prokaryote
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single-celled organism that DOES NOT have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
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eukaryote
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organism whose cells contain nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
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organelle
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specialized structure that performs important functions within a eukaryotic cell; acts like a "tiny organ"
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Robert Hooke
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He observed tiny chambers (dead cells) in a thin slice of cork; he named the cell.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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He was the first person to observe living cells under a microscope; he viewed organisms in pond water.
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chromatin
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granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
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chromosome
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
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nucleolus
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small dense region in the center of the nucleus where ribosomes are made
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cytoskeleton
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support network within some cells which is composed of microtubules and microfilaments; helps the cell maintain its shape
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microtubule
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hollow tube of protein in the cytoskeleton; maintains cell shape; helps the cell split apart during cell division
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microfilament
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protein threads (actin) in the cytoskeleton; function in the movement and support of the cell
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ribosome
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small particle in the cell on which proteins are made; made of RNA and protein
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endoplasmic reticulum
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internal membrane system in cells; pathway to move molecules throughout the cell; parts of the cell membrane are put together here and some proteins are changed here
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Golgi apparatus
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the processing, packaging, and secreting organelle; prepares proteins inside the cell for export to the outside of the cell
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lysosome
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organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell; the cell's garbage disposal
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vacuole
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fluid filled organelles that store enzymes and metabolic waste; found in plant cells
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chloroplast
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organelle found in plant cells that uses sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis
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mitochondrion
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sites of chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic compounds (glucose) to ATP; the cell's power house
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nuclear envelope
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double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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tissue
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group of cells that carries out specific functions
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organ
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grouping of different types of tissues that perform a specific function
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organ system
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made up of a group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks
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organism
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interacting organ systems, considered as a whole
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the endosymbiotic theory
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the theory that colonial organization of bacteria lead to the appearance of multicellular organisms
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cilia
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short, hairlike organelles on the surface of a cell that function in movement
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flagellum
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a long, whip-like structure that propels the cell through aqueous solutions
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selectively permeable membrane
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a membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through
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phospholipid bi-layer
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makes up the cell membrane; has hydrophyllic heads and hydrophobic tails
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peripheral proteins
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proteins located only on the inside and only on the outside of the cell membrane
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integral proteins
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found all the way through the cell membrane
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epithelial tissue
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type of tissue; the outer most covering of all surfaces of the body
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connective tissue
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type of tissue; gives support and links other tissues together
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muscle tissue
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type of tissue; allows movement
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nervous tissue
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type of tissue; responsible for transmitting messages throughout the organism
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