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46 Cards in this Set
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a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed intrest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world
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renaissance
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a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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humanism
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concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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secular
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a person who supports artists, especially financially
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patron
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an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
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perspective
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painter, sculptor, poet, and architect; he is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture
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michelangelo buonarroti
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architect of St. Peter's Basilica, sculptor of the biblical hero David, and the artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
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michelangelo buonarroti
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painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist; his painting include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
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leonardo da vinci
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he experimented with the inventions of man-made flight, parachutes, and a crude form of the tank
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leonardo da vinci
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studied muscle movements and how veins are arranged in a leaf
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leonardo da vinci
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wrote all of his observations backward in "mirror writing"
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leonardo da vinci
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the everyday language of people in a region or country
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vernacular
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an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia-hence, and ideal place
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utopia
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many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time; many of his plays examine human flaws
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william shakespeare
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his tragedies include Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet; other significant plays include the comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream and the tragedy Julius Caesar
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william shakespeare
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he revered the classics, and drew on them for inspiration and plots
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william shakespeare
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reinvented movable type around 1440, invented the printing press, and printed the first full-sized book with movable type
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johann gutenberg
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a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type
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printing press
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the first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press
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gutenberg bible
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Catholic monk whose 95 Thesis began the Protestant Reformation with protests against indulgences, sying the pope and church traditions were false authorities
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martin luther
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a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
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indulgence
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a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority
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reformation
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member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther
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Lutheran
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member of a Christian church founded on the principals of the Reformation
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Protestant
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a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler
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Peace of Augsburg
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to cancel or set aside
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annul
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King of England(1509-1547) who wanted the Catholic Church to annul hes marriage in 1527 to his wife Catherine when the marriage couldn't produce a son however the pope didn't want to offend Catherine's powerful nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and refused
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Henry VIII
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he called the British parliamentinto session, and asked the parliament to pass a set of laws that ended the pope's power in England; he then closed all English monasteries and made himself the supreme head of the Church of England
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Henry VIII
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he married a total of five times, but only his third wife gave him a son named Edward
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Henry VIII
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inherited the English thrine in 1558
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Queen Elizabeth
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estabished a national church(Church of England-Anglican) that allowed sermons to be delivered in English, nit Latin and allowed priests to marry
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Queen Elizabeth
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helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1558 that led to the downfall of Spain as a world power and the rise of England as a world power
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Queen Elizabeth
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relating to the Church of England
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Anglican
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attempted spanish invasion of England in 1588 that included 130 ships, 8000 sailors and 19000 soldiers
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spanish armada
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england hd been raiding spanish treasure ships coming from the New World, and Queen Elizabeth had supported Spanish Protestant subjects that had rebelled against Philip II, the King of Spain
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spanish armada
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bad weather and the English fleet defeated the Spanish completely
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spanish armada
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English Sea Dog(pirate) that raided Spanish treasure ships coming to Spain from the New World; Queen Elizabeth made him a knight, infuriating King Philip of Spain, helping to cause the Spanish Armada
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Sir Francis Drake
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promoted a doctrine called predestination that led to the development of a strict protestant religion called Calvinism in Switzerland
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John Calvin
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the doctrine that God had decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved
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predestination
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a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin
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Calvinism
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a government controlled by religious leaders
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theocracy
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a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox
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Presbyterians
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in the Reformation, a member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the seperation of the church and state
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anabaptist
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a 16th centry mobement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation
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Catholic Reformation
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members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
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Jesuits
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a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers
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Council of Trent
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