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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Brain enlargement in the genus Homo coupled with a reduction of chewing muscles is correlated with a growing reliance on tools |
TRUE |
|
The Zhoukoudian fossils belonged to the species Homo habilis. |
FALSE |
|
Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes. |
FALSE |
|
Homo erectus had longer legs than those of earlier hominids. |
TRUE |
|
Eugène Dubois found fossils of this species in Southeast Asia |
Homo erectus. |
|
Eugène Dubois was unique among major evolutionists in the nineteenth century in that he sought to test hypotheses about early human ancestors with: |
fossil evidence. |
|
Modern human traits including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture first show up in: |
Homo habilis. |
|
Relative to Australopithecines, Homo habilis is characterized by: |
a smaller face. a bigger brain. a rounder and larger skull. All of the above. |
|
Relative to earlier hominids, Homo erectus is marked by |
a large increase in body size |
|
The many stone tools, fragmentary animal bones, and teeth found at Gran Dolina, Spain, indicate that hominids there: |
processed and consumed animals and other hominids. |
|
Increased body size in Homo erectus relative to earlier hominids is most likely related to: |
increased protein in the diet. |
|
The Acheulian complex: |
emerged around 1.5 mya. |
|
Relative to Oldowan tools, Acheulian stone tools: |
required more learning and skill to produce |
|
Homo erectus’s cranial capacity: |
ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc. |
|
According to the text, the first hominid to migrate out of Africa was: |
Homo erectus. |
|
Which of the following is a stone tool industry characterized by bifacially flaked tools and dated to the Lower and Middle Pleistocene? These are usually associated with Homo erectus. |
Acheulian |
|
The Nariokotome Homo erectus |
would have had an adult height of around 6 feet. |
|
Homo erectus differs most from modern humans in |
the cranium. |
|
The basic, all purpose stone tool of Homo erectus was the |
hand ax. |
|
A dental trait seen in several Homo erectus fossils is |
shovel-shaped incisors. |
|
The site that reveals the most information about Homo erectus lifestyle is |
Zhoukoudian. |
|
The grouping of organisms into categories such as orders or families is |
classification. |
|
Taxonomic classification |
reflects evolutionary relationships. |
|
The living African large-bodied hominoids include |
chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. |
|
Which of the following are traits that are used to define hominid? |
bipedalism |
|
Paleoanthropology is |
the study of ancient hominids and humans. |
|
The earliest stone artifacts are approximately __________ years old. |
2.5 million |
|
Which of the following hominid sites has yielded the most information regarding behavior of early hominids? |
Olduvai Gorge |
|
Artifacts |
are very informative regarding hominid behavior. |
|
The earliest hominid tools (that we have evidence for) are made of |
STONE |
|
Volcanic activity |
can provide excellent preservation of bone and artifacts. |
|
Dating techniques that indicate only that something is older or more recent than something else |
are relative techniques. |
|
A dating technique based upon the principle that older geological deposits are beneath more recent deposits is |
stratigraphic dating. |
|
Which of the following is an advantage of bipedal locomotion over quadrupedal locomotion? |
Bipedalism frees the hands for carrying objects. |
|
All the East African Plio-Pleistocene hominid fossil sites are located in the vicinity of what major geological feature? |
Rift Valley |
|
Hominid footprints preserved in a volcanic deposit approximately 3.5 million years old were found at |
Laetoli. |
|
The "Lucy" skeleton was discovered at |
Hadar. |
|
Compared to Australopithecus, early Homo is characterized by |
LARGER TEETH, SMALLER BRAIN |
|
The original genus name assigned to Homo erectus from Java was |
Pithecanthropus |
|
The Pleistocene epoch began ________ million years ago. |
1.8 |
|
The average cranial capacity of H. erectus is |
approximately 1000 cubic centimeter |
|
Fossil remains of perhaps 40 Homo erectus individuals and thousands of artifacts have been found at |
Zhoukoudian |
|
Definite Homo erectus remains have been found in |
CHINA |
|
Archaic Homo sapiens are the first hominids to have expanded beyond Africa into other parts of the Old World. |
FALSE |
|
Archaic Homo sapiens display several primitive features found in geologically older hominids (e.g., Homo erectus). |
TRUE |
|
Some Neandertal skulls have cranial capacities that are larger than those of the average modern human. |
TRUE |
|
Stress markers in the teeth that reflect growth disruption due to poor diets or to poor health are called dental hypoplasias. |
TRUE |
|
In terms of mtDNA, Neandertals differ more from modern humans than any one modern group differs from any other. |
TRUE |
|
The first nonmodern human fossil to be discovered, and recognized as such, was the: |
Neandertal skull from Germany. |
|
Fossil remains of archaic Homo sapiens: |
show a mixture of Homo erectus and H. sapiens traits |
|
The Neandertals are last recorded in the fossil record about: |
30,000 yBP. |
|
Analyses of modern human genetic variation suggest that Homo sapiens evolved approximately: |
200,000 yBP. |
|
Anatomically modern humans are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: |
average cranial capacity of 750 cc. |
|
According to the Out-of-Africa model, the transition from archaic to modern Homo sapiens: |
occurred only once, in Africa. |
|
All the following traits suggest cold adaptation for Neandertals EXCEPT |
a narrow nasal aperture. |
|
The middle Pleistocene archaic Homo sapiens is credited with inventing: |
prepared core "points" that may have been hafted to spear shafts. |
|
The archeological period in Europe starting about 35,000 yBP, marked by a great increase in technology and various kinds of art, is called the: |
Upper Paleolithic period |
|
Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools, usually associated with Neandertals, are called the: |
Mousterian. |
|
The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel? |
the hyoid |
|
Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately: |
15,000 yBP. |
|
The hominid skeleton (LB1) recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores: |
has a very small brain, less than 400 cc. lived there about 18,000 yBP. stood about three feet tall in life. All of the above. |
|
Shovel-shaped incisors are one of the most distinctive features of people from: |
east Asia and the Americas. |
|
The distinctive fluted spear points used by early Native Americans (Paleoindians) to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals are: |
Folsom points. |
|
The idea that cranial shape can change within a human population as a result of dietary change is referred to as the: |
masticatory-functional hypothesis |
|
Osteoarthritis is a skeletal disorder most easily seen on: |
joint surfaces |
|
Which of the following is not associated with the initial transition from foraging to agriculture? |
lower incidence of dental caries (cavities) |
|
Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect on height of the agriculture’s adoption? |
Height decreased. |
|
The great human population increase of the Holocene was probably due to |
decreased birth spacing. |
|
Dental caries increased in some areas where agriculture began, due to an increase in the consumption of: |
starchy carbohydrates. |
|
Scientists who study plant remains in the archaeological record are: |
paleoethnobotanists |
|
All of the following are advantages of agriculture over foraging EXCEPT: |
agriculture has led to increased diversity in food. |
|
How many separate centers of domestication exist, according to archaeologists? |
11 |
|
Çatalhöyük is an important Neolithic site located in: |
southwest Asia. |
|
What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record? |
Violence increased. |
|
One of the most important technological innovations that appeared at about the same time as agriculture was: |
ceramics |
|
Modern humans have existed for over 100,000 years, but only over the last 10,000 years has Earth’s population grown three orders of magnitude, from a few million people to over six billion today. |
TRUE |
|
The archeological period between the end of the Upper Paleolithic but prior to the domestication of plants and animals is called the Mesolithic. |
TRUE |
|
In the late 1960s, Lee and DeVore argued that South African food-foraging people actually had more leisure time than early farmers. |
TRUE |
|
Greater reduction in jaw size relative to tooth size during the Holocene has led to greater incidence of: |
dental crowding. |
|
The region of the Levant that contains more than fifty archaeological sites documenting the development of early farming villages in the Middle East is called: |
the Fertile Crescent. |
|
Regarding the Neolithic, which of the following is TRUE? |
It is characterized by small, settled villages where the domestication of plants and/or animals took place. |
|
Biochemist Richard Marlar provided definitive evidence for cannibalism in Cowboy Wash, Colorado, with the discovery of: |
human muscle protein in human coprolites (fossil feces) |
|
Archaeological evidence showing a shift from long and narrow skulls to short and wide skulls, as a result of a change in diet linked to domestication, has been found in: |
Nubia. |
|
Allergic reactions to food are a signal that the body is responding to something perceived as a foreign antigen |
TRUE |
|
There is no evidence that natural selection continues to play a role in our biology. |
FALSE |
|
The burning of coal is one of the main contributing factors to global warming. |
TRUE |
|
Reduction of biodiversity |
reduces our ability to produce food. |
|
Anthropogenic forces that contribute to greenhouse gases include all of the following EXCEPT: |
movements of the continental plates |
|
What percentage of the world’s population currently lives in cities? |
50% |
|
Life expectancy in the United States has: |
increased since 1900, due largely to improvements in medicine and in sanitation. |
|
Hip fractures in older adults are: |
more common in modern societies than in previous ones. related to increased longevity. related to reduced activity levels in industrialized societies. All of the above. |
|
Industrialization is associated with: |
increase in environmental pollutants. |
|
Of the 6.6 billion people in the world today, _____ suffer from malnutrition. |
one billion. |