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182 Cards in this Set
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Structures of Cardiovascular System heart |
pumps blood throughout the body |
located behind the sternum and between the lungs
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atrioventricular valves |
heart valves that keep blood flowing in one direction |
atri/o/ventricul/ar
atrium/ventricle/pertaining to |
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mitral valve
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located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
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semilunar valves |
located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta |
pulmonary and aortic valves
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tricuspid valve
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located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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pericardium |
two-layer sac that facilitates movement of the heart |
peri/cardi/um
surrounding/heart/no meaning |
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three layers of the heart epicardium |
covers the heart |
epi/cardi/um
over/heart/no meaning |
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myocardium |
muscular layer of the heart |
my/o/cardi/um
muscle/heart/no meaning |
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endocardium |
inner lining of the heart |
endo/cardi/um
inner lining/heart/no meaning |
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blood vessels |
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body |
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arteries |
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
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arterioles |
smallest arteries |
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aorta |
largest artery in the body |
It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart
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pulmonary artery
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carries carbon dioxide and other wast products from the heart to the lungs |
carries deoxygenated blood |
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pulmonary veins |
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
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4 veins, 2 from each lung; drains into the left atrium |
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veins
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carries blood back to the heart |
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venules |
smallest veins |
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venae cavae |
largest vein in the body |
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capillaries |
tiny blood vessel that connects arterioles (smallest arteries) to venules (smallest veins) |
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Composition of Blood blood |
fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
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composed of plasma |
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plasma |
clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended |
approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume |
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cells (formed elements) erythrocytes |
red blood cells |
carries oxygen and develops in bone marrow |
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leukocytes |
white blood cells |
combats infection and respond to inflammation
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platelets (thrombocytes) |
formed elements in the blood responsible for adding in the clotting process |
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serum |
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed |
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Structures of the Lymphatic System lymph |
transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that flows in a one-way direction to the heart |
contains lymphocytes and monocytes |
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lymphatic vessels |
transports lymph from body tissues to a large vein in the chest |
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lymph nodes |
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue |
filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and the foreign agents from entering the blood |
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spleen |
largest lymphatic organ |
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm |
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thymus glands |
plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty |
one of the primary lymphatic organs, located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs
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Combining Forms angi/o Ex: angi/o/stenosis |
blood vessel |
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aort/o Ex: aort/ic stenosis |
aorta |
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arteri/o Ex: arteri/o/sclerosis |
artery |
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atri/o |
atrium |
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cardi/o Ex: cardi/o/megaly |
heart |
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lymph/o Ex: lymph/oma |
lymph, lymph tissue |
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lymphaden/o Ex: lymphaden/o/pathy |
lymph node |
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myel/o Ex: multiple myel/oma |
bone marrow |
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phleb/o, ven/o |
vein |
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plasm/o |
plasma |
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splen/o Ex: spleen/o/megaly |
spleen |
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thym/o Ex: thym/oma |
thymus gland |
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valv/o, valvul/o |
valve |
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ventricul/o |
ventricle |
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ather/o Ex: ather/o/sclerosis |
yellowish, fatty plaque |
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ech/o |
sound |
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electr/o |
electricity, electricity activity |
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isch/o |
deficiency, blockage |
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therm/o |
heat |
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thromb/o Ex: thromb/o/phleb/itis |
clot |
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Prefixes brady- Ex: brady/cardi/i |
slow |
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pan- |
all, total |
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Suffixes -ac |
pertaining to |
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-apheresis |
removal |
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-penia |
abnormal reduction in number |
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-poiesis |
formation |
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-sclerosis |
hardening |
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Disease and Disorder-Cardio Sys angioma
Ex. angi/oma |
tumor composed of blood vessels
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angi/oma
blood vessel/tumor |
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angiostenosis
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narrowing of a blood vessel |
angi/o/stenosis blood vessel/narrowing |
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aortic stenosis |
narrowing of the aortic valve |
aort/ic stenosis aorta/narrowing |
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arteriosclerosis |
hardening of the arteries |
arteri/o/sclerosis
artery/hardening |
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atherosclerosis |
hardening of fatty plaque |
ather/o/sclerosis
fatty plaque/hardening |
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bradycardia |
condition of a slow heart |
brady/cardi/a slow/heart |
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cardiomegaly |
enlargement of the heart |
cardi/o/megaly
heart/enlargement |
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cardiomyopathy |
disease of the heart muscle |
cardi/o/my/o/pathy
heart/muscle/disease |
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endocarditis |
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
endo/card/itis within/heart/inflammation |
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myocarditis |
inflammation of the muscle of the heart |
my/o/card/itis
muscle/heart/inflammation |
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pericarditis |
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart |
peri/card/itis
surrounding/heart/inflammation |
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phlebitis |
inflammation of a vein |
phleb/itis
vein/inflammation |
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polyarteritis |
inflammation of many (site in the) arteries |
poly/arter/itis
many/artery/inflammation |
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tachycardia |
condition of a rapid heart |
tachy/cardi/a rapid/heart |
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thrombophlebitis |
inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot |
thromb/o/phleb/itis
clot/o/vein/inflammation |
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valvulitis |
inflammation of a valve of the heart |
valvul/itis
valve/inflammation |
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BLOOD erythrocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of red blood cells |
erythr/o/cyt/o/penia red/cell/abnormal reduction |
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hematoma |
tumor of blood |
hemat/oma
blood/tumor |
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leukocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of white blood cells (also called leukopenia) |
leuk/o/cyt/openia white/cell/abnormal reduction |
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multiple myeloma |
tumor of the bone marrow |
multiple myel/oma
bone marrow/tumor |
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pancytopenia |
abnormal reduction of all blood cells |
pan/cyt/o/penia all/cell/abnormal reduction |
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thrombocytopenia |
abnormal reduction of blood clotting cells |
thromb/o/cyt/o/penia
clot/cell/abnormal reduction |
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thrombosis |
abnormal condition of a blood clot |
thromb/osis
clot/abnormal condition |
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thrombus |
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
thromb/us
clot/no meaning |
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM lymphadenitis |
inflammation of lymph nodes |
lymphaden/itis
lymph nodes/inflammation |
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lymphadenopathy |
disease of lymph nodes |
lymphaden/o/pathy lymph nodes/disease |
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lymphoma |
tumor of lymphatic tissue |
lymph/oma
lymph tissue/tumor |
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splenomegaly |
enlargement of the spleen |
splen/o/megaly
spleen/enlargement |
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thymoma |
tumor of the thymus gland |
thym/oma thymus glands/tumor |
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acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction |
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aneurysm |
ballooning of a weakened portion of the arterial wall |
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angina pectoris |
chest pain occurring because of insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle |
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arrhythmia |
any disturbance of abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern |
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atrial fibrillation (AFib) |
cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. |
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cardiac arrest |
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation |
requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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cardiac tamponade |
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity |
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coarctation of the aorta |
congenital cardiac condition with narrowing of the aorta |
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congenital heart disease |
heart abnormality present at birth |
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coronary artery disease (CAD) |
condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries |
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deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body |
common cause of heart failure or myocardial infarction |
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heart failure (HF) |
condition of which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body |
also called congestive heart failure [CHF] |
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hypertensive heart disease (HHD) |
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure |
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intermittent claudication |
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking |
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ischemia |
condition of deficient blood flow due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel |
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mitral valve stenosis |
narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring |
usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever |
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myocardial infarction |
death a portion go myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply |
also called heart attack |
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peripheral arterial disease (PAD) |
disease of the arteries the arms and legs resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery |
also called peripheral vascular disease |
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rheumatic heart disease |
damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by rheumatic fever |
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varicose veins |
distended or tortuous veins |
usually fun in lower extremities |
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BLOOD anemia |
condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes |
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embolus (pl. emboli) |
blood clot or foreign material |
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hemophilia |
genetic defect in which blood clots too slowly
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leukemia |
cancer of white blood cells |
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sepsis |
when pathogenic microorganisms enter the bloodstream , causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Hodgkin disease |
a cancer of lymphatic tissue |
characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes
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infectious mononucleosis |
acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus |
characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever |
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM angioplasty |
surgical repair of blood vessel |
angi/o/plasty
blood vessel/surgical repair |
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atherectomy |
excision of fatty plaque |
ather/ectomy
fatty plaque/excision |
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endarterectomy |
excision within the artery |
end/arter/ectomy
within/artery/excision |
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pericardiocentesis |
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart |
peri/cardi/o/centesis
surrounding/heart/surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
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phlebectomy |
excision of a vein |
phleb/ectomy
vein/excison |
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phlebotomy |
incision into a vein |
phleb/o/tomy
vein/incision |
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valvuloplasty |
surgical repair of a valve |
valvul/plasty
valve/surgical repair |
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM splenectomy |
excision of the spleen |
splen/ectomy
spleen/excision |
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splenopexy |
surgical fixation of the spleen |
splen/o/pexy
spleen/surgical fixation |
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thymectomy |
excision of the thymus gland |
thym/ectomy thymus gland/excision |
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Cardiovascular System aneurysmectomy |
surgical excision of an aneurysm |
aneurysm/ectomy aneurysm/surgical excision |
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atrial fibrillation ablation |
procedure using radio-frequency energy |
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cardiac peacemaker |
apparatus implanted under the skin to regulate the heartbeat |
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coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
diverts blood flow past a blocked artery in the heart |
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coronary stent |
supportive scaffold device placed in an artery |
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embolectomy |
surgical removal of an embolus |
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femoropopliteral |
surgical procedure to establish an alternate route from the |
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implantable cardiac defibrillator |
monitors and corrects heart rhythms |
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intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
use of medication to dissolve blood clots in a blocked coronary vessel |
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percutaneous transluminal coronary |
compressing plaque against a blood |
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bone marrow aspiration |
procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow |
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bone marrow biopsy |
procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow |
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bone marrow transplant |
infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching donor |
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angiography |
radiographic image of blood vessel |
angi/o/graphy blood vessel/radiographic image |
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angioscope |
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel |
angi/o/scope blood vessel/instrument used for visual examination |
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angioscopy |
visual examination of a blood vessel (the procedure is named for the vessel to be studied, e.g. femoral angiography or coronary angiography |
angi/o/scopy blood vessel/visual examination |
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aortogram |
radiographic image of the aorta |
aort/o/gram aorta/radiographic image |
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arteriogram |
radiographic image of the artery |
arteri/o/gram artery/radiographic image |
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venogram |
radiographic image of a vein |
ven/o/gram vein/radiographic image |
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echocardiogram |
record of the heart using sound |
ech/o/cardi/gram sound/heart/record |
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electrocardiogram |
record of electrical activity of the heart |
electr/o/cardi/gram electrical activity/heart/record |
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electrocardiograph |
instrument used to record electrical activity of the heart |
electr/o/cardi/o/graph electrical activity/heart/instrument used to record |
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electrocardiography |
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
electr/o/cardi/graphy electrical activity/heart/process of recording |
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digital subtraction angiography |
process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that “subtracts” or removes structures not being studied |
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Doppler ultrasound |
study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels |
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exercise stress test |
study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill |
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single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles |
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thallium test |
nuclear medical test used to diagnose coronary artery disease |
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transesophageal echocardiogram |
test in which an ultrasound probe provide views of the heart structures from the esophagus |
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CARDIOVASCULAR STUDIES cardiac cauterization |
procedure in which a catheter is introduced into the heart to record pressure and enable the visualization of the heart chambers |
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impedance plethysmography |
measures venous flow of the extremities and is used to detect deep vein thrombosis |
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blood pressure |
pressure exerted by blood against the blood vessel walls |
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pulse |
the rhythmic expansion of an artery created by contraction of the heart that can be felt with a fingertip |
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sphygmomanometer |
device used to measure blood pressure |
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C-reactive protein (CRP) |
blood test to measure the amount of c-reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body |
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creatine phosphokinase (CPK) |
blood test used to measure an enzymes of the heart released into the bloodstream after muscle injury |
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homocysteine |
an amino acid that if elevated, indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease |
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lipid profile |
blood test measures the amount and type of lipids in the blood |
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troponin |
blood test that measures a heart muscle enzyme |
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coagulation time |
blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot |
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complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff) |
laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets |
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hematocrit (HCT) |
blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes |
used to diagnose and evaluation of anemic patients |
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hemoglobin (Hgb) |
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (hemoglobin) in erythrocytes |
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prothrombin time (PT) |
blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy |
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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM atrioventricular (AV) |
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle |
atri/o/ventricul/ar atrium/ventricle/pertaining to |
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cardiac |
pertaining to the heart |
cardi/ac heart/pertaining to |
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cardiogenic |
originating in the heart |
cardi/o/genic heart/originating |
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cardiologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart |
cardi/o/logist heart/physician, specialist who studies and treats |
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cardiology |
study of the heart |
cardi/o/logy heart/study of |
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hypothermia |
condition of (body) temperature that is below normal |
hypo/therm/ia below/heat/condition of |
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intravenous (IV) |
pertaining to within the vein |
intra/ven/ous within/vein/pertaining to |
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phlebologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the vein |
phleb/o/logist vein/physician, specialist who studies and treats |
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phlebology |
study of the veins |
phleb/o/logy vein/study of |
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BLOOD hematologist |
physician who studies and treat diseases of the blood |
hemat/o/logist blood/physician, specialist who studies and treats |
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hematopoiesis |
formation of blood (cells) |
hemat/o/poiesis blood/formation |
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hemostasis |
stoppage of bleeding |
hem/o/stasis blood/stop |
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myelopoiesis |
formation of bone marrow |
myel/o/poiesis bone marrow/formation |
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plasmapheresis |
removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood) |
plasm/a/pheresis plasma/removal |
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thrombolysis |
dissolution of a clot |
thromb/o/lysis clot/dissolution |