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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social trends
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1) acceptance of single hood
2) acceptance of cohabitation 3) reduced premium on permanence (increasing divorce) 4) transitions in gender roles 5) increased voluntary childlessness 6) decline in the nuclear family |
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cohabitation
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49.7% of households are married couples
- living together in a sexually intimate relationship without legal bonds |
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endogamy
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tendency for people to marry within their own social group
- race, religion, ethnicity, social class - appears to be declining gradually |
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homogamy
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tendency for people to marry others who have similar personal characteristics
- age, education, attractiveness, attitudes 3 categories: warmth/loyalty, vitality/attractiveness, status/resources |
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6 predictors of marital success
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family background, age, length of courtship, personality, premarital communication, stressful events
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family life cycle (6 stages)
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1. between families: unattached young adult
2. joining of families: newlyweds 3. family with young children 4. family with adolescents 5. launching children into the adult world 6. family in later life |
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between families
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unattached young adult
- more people are prolonging this stage - must accept parent/offspring separation |
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joining of families
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newlyweds
- settling into roles as husband and wife - great happiness "marital bliss" - short cause want children asap |
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family with young children
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accepting new members into the system, transition with disruption to routines
- more impact on moms than dads - parents exhibit less marital satisfaction |
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family with adolescents
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increasing flexibility of family boundaries to include children's interdependence
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sandwich generation
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middle age worried about caring for children AND parents
- women assume more responsibility for elderly parents leading to burnout |
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launching children into the adult world
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conflict subsides, parent-child relations become closer and supportive
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boomerang generation
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young adults who come home after living independently
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family in later life
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accepting the shifting of generational roles
- marital satisfaction increases 3 sources of pleasure: children/grandchildren, memories, travelling 3 problems: disagreements about leisure activities, intimacy, finances |
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four horsemen of the apocalypse (5)
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5 risks factors for divorce
1. contempt (feeling your spouse is inferior) 2. criticism 3. defensiveness 4. stonewalling (refusing to listen) 5. belligerence (challenging power/authority of partner) |
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divorce
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legal dissolution of a marriage
painful and stressful for most couples - highest between 5-10th years of marriage - rates are declining |
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divorce highest among... (6)
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blacks, low income, cohabited, don't have children, marry young, divorced parents
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development of stepfamilies
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1) fantasy (unrealistic expectations)
2) immersion (real life challenges expectations) 3) awareness (family members make sense of new arrangement) 4) mobilization (attempt to negotiate difficulties) 5) action (create strategies to resolve differences) 6) contact (positive emotional bond beings to form) 7) resolution (norms are established and new rituals emerge) |
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cohabitation effect
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premarital cohabitation increases marital discord and divorce rates
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battering
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physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of an intimate partner
- 25% of women, 7% of men have been physically abused by partner - women commit 25% of spousal murders |
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date rape
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forced and unwanted intercourse in the context of dating
- NOT seduction, often occurs when seduction fails |
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hormones associated with love
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lust= estrogen, testosterone
attraction= dopamine, norepinephrine attachment= oxytocin, vasopressin |
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hormones and being in love
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higher circulating levels of cortisol and nerve growth factor
- only present in the first 6 months of a relationship cortisol and glucose= when thinking about partner - happens throughout relationship |
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derogating alternatives
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putting down the attractiveness of a potential romantic partner who might threaten the satiability of the relationship
- one way to maintain a relationship |