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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
11.1 Big Question How does an organism pass its characteristics onto its offspring? |
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11.1 Where does an organism get its unique characteristics? |
They get their characteristics from one parental generation to the next. |
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11.1 How are the different forms of a gene distributed to offspring. |
The offspring receives one gene from each parent. The dominant gene is the one that is always more visible. |
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11.2 Big Question How can you predict the outcome of a genetic cross? |
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11.2 How can we use probabilities to predict traits? |
You can use probability for traits by using a Punnett Square which shows the possible outcomes of the next generation. |
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11.2 How do alleles segregate when more than one gene is involved? |
They segregate from each other during the formation of gametes. |
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11.2 What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics? |
He helped form the basic understanding of hereditary traits and patterns of inheritance forming our basis for genetics. |
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Allele |
The different forms of a gene. |
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Gene |
factors that are passed from the parent to the offspring. |
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Trait |
A specific characteristic of an individual Ex. Hair color |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity. |
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Heterozygous |
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene. |
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Homozygous |
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
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Hybrid |
The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
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Independent Assortment |
Principle that states when genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. |
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Principle of Dominence |
Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a particular trait will exhibit that trait. |
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Segregation |
The separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
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Phenotype |
Any physical traits of an organism. |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup of and organism. |
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Probability |
The chance of an organism to have a certain set of traits from there parents. |
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Punnett Square |
The use of mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses. |
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11.4 Meiosis results in how many sperm cells? How many eggs cells? |
Sperm cells- 1 Egg cells- 1 |
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11.4 How many cell divisions are there in meiosis? |
Two |
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11.4 Are the daughter cells of meiosis identical? |
No. There is a great possibility of different gene combinations for each daughter cell. |
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11.4 Is the parent cell of meiosis haploid or diploid? Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid. |
Parent cells- Diploid Daughter cells- Diploid |
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11.4 Where does crossing over occur in meiosis? |
Prophase |
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11.4 Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cellular division, which one is responsible for producing gametes and which is responsible for growth and repair? |
Mitosis- growth and repair Meiosis- producing gametes |
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Homologous |
Each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent. |
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Fertilization |
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
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Diploid |
refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes. |
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Zygote |
A fertilized egg. |
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Haploid |
Refers to a cell that contains only a single set of genes. |
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Crossing Over |
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
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Meiosis |
The number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
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Sister Chromatids |
Replication of chromosomes before cell division create these. |
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Tetrad |
Structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis. |
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Gamete |
A sex cell. |