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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inversion
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Occurs when a piece of DNA is cut out of a chromosome which is then turned around and reinserted into the gap.
Ex: DNA segment being turned upside down from its original piece and placed into a new DNA sequence. |
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Translocation
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Results when a chunk of DNA is removed from one chromosome and attached to another.
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Deletion Mutation
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occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are inserted into the DNA double helix.
Ex: A nucleotide base pair cytosine-guanine being deleted in one DNA sequence and added at the end of another. |
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Insertion Mutation
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Occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are inserted into the DNA double helix.
Ex: Thymine-Adenine being placed into a DNA sequence consisting of the base pairs. |
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Nucleotide substitutions
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During replication a pair of bases is sometimes mismatched. Repair enzymes are capable of cutting out the incorrect nucleotide and replace it with a nucleotide with a complementary base.
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Point Mutations
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Individual nucleotides in a DNA sequence are changed.
Ex : Sickle Cell disease is caused by a mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene that converts a GAG codon into GTG, which encodes the amino acid valine rather than glutamic acid. |
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Semi-conservative Replication
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Process of DNA replication that conserves one parental DNA strand and produces one newly synthesized strand.
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DNA helicases
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Highly specific enzymes that unwind or pull apart the parental DNA double helix so bases of two DNA strands can no longer form base pairs with one another.
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DNA polymerases
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Enzymes that synthesize a DNA polymer and move along each seperated parental DNA strand. These enzymes then match bases on the strand with free nucleotides.
Ex: DNA polymerase pairs an exposed adenine in the parental stand with a thymine. |
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Hershey-Chase experiment
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Scientisis who radioactively labeled the DNA or protein of bacteriophages. Two scientists tested whether the genetic material of phages is DNA or protein.
Conclusion: Infected bacteria are labeled with radioactive phosphorus but not with radioactive sulfur supporting the hypothesis that the genetic material of bacteriophages is DNA and not protien. |
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Bacteriophages
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Viruses that infect and reproduce inside of bacteria. Life cycle for a bacteriophage depends on the host bacterium.
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Strands
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Two seperate DNA polymers of linked nucleotides.
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Nucleotide
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A molecule with a three part structure: a five carbon sugar, a phosphate functional group, and a nitrogenous base that differs among nucleotides,
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Nucleic Acid
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Single nucleotides strung together in long chains, An oxygen in the phosphate functional group is covalently bonded to the sugar of the next,
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