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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Middle Childhood
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-period after early childhood and before adolescence,
-healthiest period of entire life span - approx age 7-11 |
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size and growth during this time
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- growth slows down
- muscles become stronger - can master almost any motor skill that doesnt require adult size - healthy 6 yr olds have lowest BMI of any age group |
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overweight
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BMI above 85th percentile of growth charts
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Obesity
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BMI above 95th percentile
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Problems w/overweight children
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- exercise less
- higher blood pressure - risk health problems in adulthood - self esteem decreases - weight excessively increases |
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Reasons for being overweight
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- genes (regulate activity level, food pref.)
- ppl who inherit a gene called FTO are more likely to be obsese than other children |
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How to get Physical Activity
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Neighborhood games-
Exercise in school athletic clubs and leagues |
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Neighborhood Games Pros/Cons
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- PRO- flexible, active and interactive,
- CON- urbanization no where to play, - hw, tv, and video games stop from going out side - fear of abductionj |
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Exercise in School Pros/Cons
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PROS- have appropriate cooperative games that include exercise
CONS- children may love sports but hate PE, limited time and space |
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Athletic Clubs and Leagues Pros/Cons
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Pros- helps child feel like they belong
Cons- not possible for everyone to be a part (not enough money, chronic illness, uncoordinated) |
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Percent of Children with special health needs
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approx. 13 percent
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Asthma
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chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes breathing difficult
(rate highest among school-age children) |
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Percent of children under 18 affected by asthma
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9 percent(twice as high as in 1980s)
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Reasons why ppl get asthma
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- genes increases risk, environment crucial
- hygiene hypothesis- contemporary children so overprotected from viruses and bacteria that they dont get infections that would strengthen immune systems |
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Primary Prevention of Asthmaq
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- better ventilation of schools and homes
- decreased pollution - eradification of cockroaches and consruction |
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Secondary prevention
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( reduces occurrence of asthma among high risk children)
- when it runs in family - breast feeding, ridding house of dust and other allergens - regular health checkups |
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Tertiary Prevention
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{*reducing damage caused once it develops)
- prompt use of injections and inhalers |
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Reasons why Tertiary prevention is not provided
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- economic-
- mistrust of doctors by parents of young children - language and cultural barriers |
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Advances in Brain Functioning
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- reaction time
- able to plan for future(analyze consequences) - |
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selective attention
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ability to concentrate on some sort of stimuli while ignoring others
- requires ongoing myelination and increased production of neurotransmitters |
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Automatization
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repetition of a sequences of thoughts and actions until it becomes automatic
- increased myelination and hours of practice (ex. reading) |
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Aptitude
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potential to master a particular skill/learn particular body of knowledge
IQ- measures intellectual aptitude |
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Achievement tests
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taken routinely by students-- measures what person HAS learned
aptitude and achievement highly correlated also with - wealth |
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Flynn Effect= Reasons
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rises in AV IQ scores over decades in many nations
- due to environmental changes |
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WISC
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
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Mental Retardation
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IQ below 70, must be unusually far behind their peers in adaptation to life
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Criticisms of IQ tests
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- cant measure potential w/out achievemen
- every test score reflects cutlure of ppl who wrote, administer, and take it - Humans have multiple intelligences - emotional intelligence |
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developmental psycopathology
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links study of typical development to that of various disorders, and vice versa
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4 Lessons of developmental psycopathology
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1. Abnormality is normal
2. Disability changes year by year 3. adulthood may be better or worse 4. diagonosis depends on social context |
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ADHD
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- Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
problems- 1. inattentive 2. impulsive 3. overactive |
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Learning Disability
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- leads to difficulty mastering a particular skill that most other people acquire easily
ex. dyslexia |
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autistic spectrum disorder
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- any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication and abnormal play
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3 signs of autistic spectrum disorder
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1. delayed language
2. impaired social responses 3. unusual play |
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Reasons for an increases in autism
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- expanded definition of condition
- some new teratogen harming infant brains - |