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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neur/o
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nerve
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neuralgia
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pain along the path of a nerve
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-algia
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pain
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-esthesia
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feeling, sensation
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anesthesia
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without feeling or sensation
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-lepsy
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seizure
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-mentia
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thinking
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-paresis
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partial paralysis
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-plegia
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paralysis
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epilepsy
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type of seizure disorder
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dementia
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loss of the ability to think clearly
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hemiparesis
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partial paralysis of half the body
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quadriplegia
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paralysis of the arms and legs
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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bundles of nerve cells relay information between central nervous system and other organs
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neuron
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functional and structural subunit of the nervous system - conduct electrical pulse from one location to another
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dendr/o
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dendrite
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dendrites
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highly branched prjections at the receptive end of the neuron - sites at which the majority of inputs from other nerve cells are received
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ax/o
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axon
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axon
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single projection that carries the integrated signal away from the cell body to the neurons target cell or tissue
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myelin sheath
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fatty coating around the axon - insulates and increases efficiency
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neurotransmission
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process of individual neurons communicating with one another
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neurotransmitters
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specialized chemicals stored in tiny sacs generate electrical signal
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nerves
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bundles of axons
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afferent
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carry toward
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efferent
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carry away
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cerebrum
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largest functional division of the brain - higher functions such as speech and memory
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thalamus
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collection of neurons below the cerebrum - processing center for sensory and motor impulses passing into and out of cerebral cortex
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hypothalamus
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located below the thalamus - coordinates primitive aspects of behavior - appetite, sleep, sexual desire, and emotions fear and pleasure - regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland - coordinates responses to the nervous and endocrine systems
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spinal cord
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column of nervous tissue which is surrounded and protected by the vertebrae
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cerebrospinal fluid
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liquid similar to plasma or lymph that bathes the brain and spinal cord - serves as protection, shock absorber, and supplies nutrients
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peripheral nervous system
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nervous tissue outside of the skull and vertebral column
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neur/o
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nerve
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hypothalam/o
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hypothalamus
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encephal/o
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brain
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cerebellum
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attached to the brain stem - plays a role in equilibrium, posture, and muscular coordination
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brainstem
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central control of involuntary process
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akinesia
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without movement - inability to move due to loss of voluntary muscle control
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Alzheimer's disease
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degenerative disorder in which progressive loss of brain cells leads to memory loss
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aphasia
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inability to produce or to understand spoken language
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cerebral palsy
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birth or infant disorder leads to motor deficits including paralysis or loss of muscular coordination
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cerebrovascular accident
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cerbrum vessel accident - stroke due to a clot or rupture in the blood supply
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hemiplegia
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paralysis affecting only the right or left side of the body
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Lou Gehrig's disease
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degenerative disorder - loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord (ALS)
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meningitis
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inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain or spinal cord
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neuritis
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inflammation of a nerve
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neuroma
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tumor arising from the neuronal tissue
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paraplegia
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paralysis of the lower portion of the body
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Parkinson's disease
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degenerative disorder - loss of brain cells impairs motor function
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syncope
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loss of consciousness occuring as a result of diminished blood flow to the brain
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magnetic resonance imaging
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magnetic waves are used to produce detailed image of structures
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lobotomy
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surgical incision into the frontal lobe fo the brain
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